Enabling children’s deliberation in deliberative systems: schools as a mediating space

In recent years, there has been a growing scholarly interest in conceptualising schools beyond their educational functions, as sites and agents of democracy. Yet this interest is often underpinned by a narrow conception of democracy, focusing solely on schools’ public and social aspects. To capture the democratic potential of schools more fully, this article suggests adopting a deliberative systems approach, which conceptualises democracy as differentiated yet linked sites of democratic communications and views schools as one such site. Using this approach as a broader framework and drawing on the fieldwork conducted in two Japanese schools, this article identifies the condition under which schools can become a meaningful part of deliberative systems. It reveals that schools contribute to deliberative systems when they serve as a bridge between children’s everyday practices and deliberative actions in the public space. In light of the findings, this article suggests conceptualising schools as a ‘mediating space’.     

家庭结构对老年人代际支持的影响研究

本文利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）项目2008年的数据，分析了家庭结构的变迁（表现为居住安排与子女数量两方面）对老年人所获得的来自子女的代际支持的影响。研究结论显示，是否与子女同住会影响老年人获得的经济支持、情感支持与照料支持，而子女数量对代际支持的获得有正向作用。     

Health Care innovation and children in poverty: lived experiences of caregivers of children with disabilities in a medicaid-serving ACO

This paper reports the results of a qualitative study of caregivers of children with disabilities enrolled in a Medicaid-serving accountable care organization (ACO). The state of Ohio mandated ACO enrollment for Medicaid-eligible children with disabilities in 34 of 88 counties effective July 2013. Research participants were queried in focus groups and individual interviews about their children’s care experiences and care coordination after enrollment. Most told researchers that they themselves are their children’s care coordinators, and many indicated that resource scarcity is a more pressing problem than fragmented care. Data analysis identified a theme of scarcity and four categories of insufficiency that made caregiver efforts on behalf of their children more difficult: a lack of health services under managed care, resource constraints on other agencies and programs for which families were eligible, a lack of financial support, and a lack of family support. A conceptual framework places ACO care coordination among more upstream factors and identifies ways in which ACOs serving Medicaid populations may wish to address the social determinants of the well-being of children with disabilities. Implications for future research are discussed.     

Replication: Framing effects in intertemporal choice with children

This paper investigates the effects of framing in intertemporal choice by elementary school children. Sutter, Yilmaz, and Oberauer (2015) recently demonstrated that intertemporal choice in children is malleable with respect to simple defaults. Using a similar approach, we replicated their study. We also found that children are more willing to select the immediate option in (standard) control frames than in alternative ones that appear to promote delay of gratification. This finding is consistent with previous experiments on children as well as adults and may have implications for cultivating the ability to delay gratification in individuals.     

谁更会给老年父母人经济支持？

[内容]文章利用2014年《中国老年社会追踪调查(农村部分)》数据,对同一家庭不同子女的具体代际经济支持进行分析。结果发现,农村家庭养老仍然有着广泛的基础,子女代际经济支持比例和数量存在子女性别、子女排行、子女婚姻、子女受教育程度、子女的居住方式、子女的迁移距离和子女的经济状况的显著差异,女儿和儿子在代际经济支持上同时发挥着重要作用。并且,老年父母个体因素、子女具体状况和代际关系都对代际经济支持有显著影响。     

论路翎创作中的存在关怀——以《财主底儿女们》为例

路翎是一个存在感极强的作家,对人之存在的追问贯穿于他的创作中。从《财主底儿女们》的文本分析可以看出,在存在哲学的视野中,路翎对存在的关怀主要体现在三个方面:领悟孤独、审视"沉沦"与追求自由。无论对个体命运的关注还是对民族命运的思考,作家最终都指向了对人之存在状态、价值与意义的关怀。路翎创作中的存在关怀,表现着文学的灵魂深度与哲学深度。     

Putting the Children Act Independent Person Procedure under the Spotlight

The Children Act 1989 required local authorities to appoint independent people to participate in their complaints procedures. The Department of Health has concentrated largely on monitoring these newly established procedures. In contrast, very little guidance has been given about the role of independent people. Nor has there been much published research in this area. This paper is based on a study of the response of two neighbouring local authorities. The aims were to discover how these authorities had interpreted the imprecise guidance from the Department of Health, and thereby to analyse the application of principles of independence within complaints procedures. The findings showed how a "pool" of independent people had been selected, trained and employed to participate in Children Act complaints procedures. Analysis of this system raises fundamental questions about the potential of this system to provide the kind of objective representation intended to be helpful to complainants. It also contributes to the debate about the most effective ways of safeguarding the welfare of children and young people by providing them with an accessible complaints procedure. The study identifies areas for future research, including the nature of complaints and the "practice wisdom" being acquired by independent people.     

国际幼儿参与测量工具研究进展及启示

幼儿在活动中的参与和投入状态反映了幼儿是否深度和有效学习,是幼儿园保教质量评估的重要组成部分,也是幼儿未 来学业成就的重要预测因素。然而,幼儿参与（children engagement）这一变量目前在国内的研究甚少,这可能源于测量工具的 不成熟。国外幼儿参与研究已有一定实证基础,且在政策层面得到西方国家政府的重视。本研究对国际上幼儿参与的主要测 量工具进行系统梳理和介绍,概述它们的主要内容、使用方法、测量范畴和优缺点。在此基础上,提出对我国幼儿参与研究的 几点启示：首先,选择测量工具前须明确幼儿参与的定义;其次,为能全面评估幼儿参与,同时使用观察和量表两种方式,开发 幼儿自我评估的工具,使测量能覆盖幼儿教育全部活动情境等措施是有益的尝试。     

《儿童世界》与现代时期儿童的文学创作

由郑振铎担任主编、商务印书馆出版发行的儿童周刊《儿童世界》,作为现代中国第一本白话文儿童文学期刊,对于中国现代儿童文学创作的形成与发展起着积极的推动作用。杂志在创办初期,不仅吸引了文学研究会旗下著名作家给其供稿,儿童的文学创作也作为杂志的一个主要栏目得到积极的展示,在重视创作主体的新颖性的同时,也为成人的儿童文学创作提供了必要而真实的儿童经验。对郑振铎担任主编时期,《儿童世界》儿童创作的形成原因、方法的兴起以及作品本身的艺术特征做了详细的梳理与分析。     

中国农村地区的家庭禀赋与外出务工劳动力回流

中国农村地区家庭禀赋对个人的行为决策有着重要的影响,需要学术界予以更多的关注。为了考察外生性的家庭禀赋对劳动力就业流动的影响,文章通过构建新生代外出务工劳动力和户主子女的回流决策两个计量模型来进行经验论证。分析结果表明,农村劳动力的迁移选择是综合考虑家庭禀赋状况的理性决策,尤其是对于年轻一代的外出劳动力。家庭经济资本的增加会阻碍家庭外出务工成员的回流。外出劳动力回流的概率起初随着家庭人力资本和家庭自然资本的增长而上升,达到一定程度后开始下降。家庭成员只有拥有较为丰富的人力资本,外出务工劳动力才能对家庭社会资本加以充分利用。另外,分析显示年轻一代劳动力和第一代劳动力对家庭社会资本和自然资本的利用是有差异的。