Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State Research

For many years, comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this article, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer; methodological approaches; the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer; programme‐specific dynamics; and the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.     

农业产业化是西部农业发展的必由之路

西部农业发展要变地域资源优势为市场竞争优势、要调整农业产业结构、要创农产品的品牌、提高农产品的市场竞争力、要增强农民参与市场谈判与竞争的能力、提高西部农民的生活水平 ,只有走农业产业化的道路。而政府的“绿箱”政策、农业保险体系的建立、市场外部环境的完善与规范等 ,是对农业产业化的有力支持和保障。     

Impacts of government high-tech policy: a case study of CAD technology in China

Rapid growth of technology innovations promotes governments world-wide to actively explore the best way to realize its economic benefits. Likewise, Chinese government has positioned advances of high technology a driving-force to continued economic achievements, and launched various high-tech policies. This case study focuses on computer-aided design (CAD), a key field under policy support, discloses policy’s critical role. Interview/survey data from corporate and academic leaders were also collected and synthesized. The emergence of university–industry collaboration, capitalizing university intellectual property, and new modes in CAD innovation and technology diffusion are among those major findings. A Model is also proposed. The study provides new observations for debates to high-tech policy-makers and can benefit scholars and business managers seeking to understand the environment in China, and serve as a foundation for further policy and management research.     

加入WTO与我国农业市场化进程中的制度创新

本文分析了加入WTO给我国农业市场化带来的机遇与挑战以及我国农业市场化进程中制度创新的特征 ,论证了制度创新与技术进步是促进我国农业市场进一步深化的现实选择     

农业的外部性及补偿研究

认为农业对一个国家和社会具有生态等多种贡献,这些贡献使农业具有正外部性的特点,但不合理的农业活动也会造成负外部影响。外部性内化是处理外部性问题的基本思路,对农业的正外部性应予以补偿,而对于农业的负外部影响应予以矫正。继而指出要使农业外部性内化就应改变对农业的补贴环节,并采取相应配套政策措施,以使农业得到应有的发展。     

我国农产品进出口的贸易技术壁垒攻守战略

我国加入WTO以后,贸易技术壁垒已成为我国农产品国际贸易中重要的非关税壁垒之一,并给我国农产品贸易带来了极大的影响。文章分析了我国农产品的贸易技术壁垒攻守战略,它为解决我国"三农"问题提供支持与参考。     

从发展哲学角度看列宁新经济政策的价值

新经济政策是一个涉及经济、政治、文化发展的全面性政策。列宁正是在思考和实践新经济政策的过程中,科学地阐释了经济文化落后国家的发展基点、发展道路、发展主体、发展规律、发展动力等问题,从而使列宁社会发展理论得到了新的升华。新经济政策对于我们研究列宁社会发展理论、发掘列宁社会发展理论的当代价值,具有十分重要的意义。     

从"白澳政策"到多元文化教育--试探澳大利亚多元文化教育体制形成的艰难历程

20世纪70年代以前,澳大利亚政府推行“白澳政策”,不但给土著居民和有色人种造成极大的痛苦,而且加剧了国内民族矛盾,使澳大利亚政府在国际上陷入孤立地位。自从20世纪70年代澳大利亚政府废除了“白澳政策”,实行多元文化教育政策以来,各民族的团结得到了加强,全国教育事业得到了迅速发展。在新世纪来临之际,澳大利亚政府正在进一步完善多元文化教育政策,迎接经济全球化的严峻挑战。     

论基层人口与计划生育工作的改革创新

基层人口与计划生育工作管理方法和管理机制的改革创新势在必行。应以我国《人口与计划生育法》以及地方法规为指导,改革基层已不合时宜的管理办法,以政策管理代替计划管理,以基本的生育政策引导和规范人们的生育行为。努力探索建立与社会主义市场经济相适应的人口与计划生育管理机制,建立包括村(居)民自治与行政管理相结合为特征的管理体制,建立依法管理、政策推动、"费随事转"、项目带动、部门配合、综合治理为特点的工作机制,建立资源整合、资源共享、方便群众、优质服务为特征的技术服务阵地和利益导向与社会保障制度完善,领导重视、队伍健全、投入到位为特征的综合保障体系。     

论两汉王朝西南边疆开发中的“各以地比”之治理方略

“各以地比”之治理方略,形成于西汉武帝开发“西南夷”之地,丰富、完善于两汉时期开发西南边疆的进程之中。此套方略的基本内容是,北方中原王用在稳固掌控西南北部蜀地的基础上,与蜀人一同治理巴地,并依托北部的巴蜀人对西南中、南部进行治理和开发。该方略切合酉南实际,卓有成效,对后世影响甚大。