Firm-level training in local economic systems: Complementarities in production and firm innovation strategies

The paper presents a conceptual review over the main aspects concerning the role of human capital investments and training activities within production processes, followed by empirical evidence on two local economic systems in Northern Italy, based on recent survey data. Theoretical and empirical considerations are brought together in order to provide new insights on the role of training and the factors associated to training activities at firm level.The potential driving factors of training here analysed compounds structural characteristics, labour demand dynamics, human resource management practices, workforce features, and firm performances. We observe that training activities emerge positively associated with high-performance practices, innovative labour demand features, workforce skill level, firm size, and are affected by labour flexibility in various directions. Empirical evidence confirms most previous results but also adds further important insights. The analysis suggests that a widening gap, between few innovatively evolving and many stagnant firms, could characterise the future dynamics of the Region. The high relevance of structural variables, labour demand factors and HRM/innovation practices shows that regional industrial policies and labour policies should be jointly implemented for increasing potential firm productivity. This is a key concern for the current debate on local systems economic development in the European and Italian environment.     

Test for homogeneity in Hardy–Weinberg normal mixture model

The phenotype of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) is often modeled by a finite mixture of normal distributions. If the QTL effect depends on the number of copies of a specific allele one carries, then the mixture model has three components. In this case, the mixing proportions have a binomial structure according to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In the search for QTL, a significance test of homogeneity against the Hardy–Weinberg normal mixture model alternative is an important first step. The LOD score method, a likelihood ratio test used in genetics, is a favored choice. However, there is not yet a general theory for the limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic in the presence of unknown variance. This paper derives the limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic, which can be described by the supremum of a quadratic form of a Gaussian process. Further, the result implies that the distribution of the modified likelihood ratio statistic is well approximated by a chi-squared distribution. Simulation results show that the approximation has satisfactory precision for the cases considered. We also give a real-data example.     

Bayesian updating of atmospheric dispersion after a nuclear accident

Summary.  We consider a Bayesian forecasting system to predict the dispersal of contamination on a large scale grid in the event of an accidental release of radioactivity. The statistical model is built on a physical model for atmospheric dispersion and transport called MATCH. Our spatiotemporal model is a dynamic linear model where the state parameters are the (essentially, deterministic) predictions of MATCH; the distributions of these are updated sequentially in the light of monitoring data. One of the distinguishing features of the model is that the number of these parameters is very large (typically several hundreds of thousands) and we discuss practical issues arising in its implementation as a realtime model. Our procedures have been checked against a variational approach which is used widely in the atmospheric sciences. The results of the model are applied to test data from a tracer experiment.     

基于层次分析法的职务绩效定量分析

针对企业绩效评价中存在的问题,引用管理决策的层次分析法,从系统论的角度,对企业职务绩效指标进行整体分析和比较,更为科学地确定了绩效体系中各指标的权重。     

我国市场经济的价值取向--思想政治教育内容探讨之二

文章根据我国市场经济的性质以及市场经济在发展过程中对社会生活各方面所产生的不同影响,分析论证了我国市场经济的价值取向是经济价值、政治价值和思想文化价值三者的统一.     

ERP在我国企业管理中的应用探讨

介绍ERP的内涵及其发展,分析我国企业应用ERP的现状及存在的问题。提出企业应转变观念,面向供应链管理和业务流程重组,以及人力资源管理在ERP实施过程中的重要性。     

低温外科手术器械的现状和展望

本文从工程应用角度出发,综述了目前使用的各种低温外科手术器械的性能特点和适用场合。以当前使用最普遍的LN_2式冷疗仪为例对其原理、结构作了简要说明,着重指出其制造的关键和存在的不足,并对冷疗仪的进一步发展作了展望。     

The econometrics of female labor supply and children

This is a survey of applied econometric research on the effects of children on female labor supply. Reasons for interest in the topic, and a basic model and terminology, are reviewed. Concerns are raised about the possible endogeneity of child status variables, and about the instrumental variables approach for dealing with this problem. Alternative ways of conceptualizing and estimating child status effects are considered, together with selected empirical evidence. Relevant developments from the household demand literature are summarized. Basic issues of model choice are also discussed.     

失独家庭有限代孕权利的国家保障

我国失独家庭数量甚为庞大，其特殊保障问题已为社会关注热点，尤其是最为突出的再生育问题。由于失独家庭大都丧失生育能力，代孕乃是其实现再生育的主要途径。基于失独家庭的特殊性，对其有限开放代孕并不违反伦理道德，在法理和情理上也均具有合理性，且失独家庭因遵守国家计划生育政策而承受了失独的不利后果，故其选择代孕方式实现再生育的行为应当获得国家保障。国家不仅应当通过代孕类型、代孕条件、代孕程序等方面的制度构建来保障代孕的有序运行，还应通过扶助模式、扶助资金、扶助标准等方面的制度构建来对失独家庭代孕予以必要救助。     

论实现效率的市场机制与实现公平的民主机制

强调公平和效率优先历来是两种不同的价值取向。一个成熟的执政党和一个健康的社会应提供两种阶值取向同时存在、进行辩论的自由空间,建立体现两种价值取向的市场经济机制和民主政治机制,培育兼容这两种价值取向、维护这两大机制的文化土壤,为构建社会主义和谐社会奠定坚实的经济、政治和文化基础。