Planning an integrated agriculture and health program and designing its evaluation: Experience from Western Kenya

Multi-sectoral programs that involve stakeholders in agriculture, nutrition and health care are essential for responding to nutrition problems such as vitamin A deficiency among pregnant and lactating women and their infants in many poor areas of lower income countries. Yet planning such multi-sectoral programs and designing appropriate evaluations, to respond to different disciplinary cultures of evidence, remain a challenge. We describe the context, program development process, and evaluation design of the Mama SASHA project (Sweetpotato Action for Security and Health in Africa) which promoted production and consumption of a bio-fortified, orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP). In planning the program we drew upon information from needs assessments, stakeholder consultations, and a first round of the implementation evaluation of a pilot project. The multi-disciplinary team worked with partner organizations to develop a program theory of change and an impact pathway which identified aspects of the program that would be monitored and established evaluation methods. Responding to the growing demand for greater rigour in impact evaluations, we carried out quasi-experimental allocation by health facility catchment area, repeat village surveys for assessment of change in intervention and control areas, and longitudinal tracking of individual mother-child pairs. Mid-course corrections in program implementation were informed by program monitoring, regular feedback from implementers and partners’ meetings. To assess economic efficiency and provide evidence for scaling we collected data on resources used and project expenses. Managing the multi-sectoral program and the mixed methods evaluation involved bargaining and trade-offs that were deemed essential to respond to the array of stakeholders, program funders and disciplines involved.     

我国医院经济未来发展问题研究

医院建设和发展的实践充分证明，作为管理经济不可缺少的资本积累，已越来越被人们所重视，这也是未来我国医院发展迫切的一种经济活动方式。     

An evaluation of donor agencies’ policies on participatory development: The case of Ghana

This article critically evaluates guidelines concerning participatory development by the World Bank and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It focuses on the different conceptual frameworks adopted in order to examine the different ways of incorporating participation in their development agenda. A literature‐based method was adopted and the analysis included evaluation of five documented experiences, including the Ghana Secondary Education Improvement Project and Ghana Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project from both the World Bank and USAID. Baum project cycle stages have been taken as activities for project participation. The findings show the need for better planning, ensuring sustainability and involving beneficiaries.     

充分发挥主体性：深入践行科学发展观的着力点

主体性是人的本质属性，其根本内涵表现为自主性、能动性和创造性。人的主体性是践行科学发展观的内源动力。主体性的充分发挥有助于把握和领会科学发展观的内涵，化解践行科学发展观过程中的矛盾、困境及掌控科学发展观赋予的科学发展方向。高扬人的主体精神，立足人的主体地位和充分发挥人的主体作用，是深入践行科学发展观人本核心、发展要务的关键所在，故此，充分发挥主体性理应成为践行科学发展观的着力点。     

中小学生学习动机量表的编制

以奥苏贝尔的学习动机理论为基础，以认知内驱力、自我提高内驱力和附属内驱力三个变量作为学习动机的测量指标，编制了中小学生学习动机问卷。问卷包括认知内驱力、自我提高内驱力、附属内驱力三个分量表。结果表明，该问卷具有良好的信度和效度。此问卷可以作为准确、客观地测量中小学生学习动机的有效工具，有助于我们全面了解中小学生的学习动...     

基于符号吸引理论的广南地母文化旅游开发

地母文化是遍布于世界各地由原始崇拜演化而来的文化现象。笔者在对我国地母文化旅游资源的调查研究过程中，将符号吸引理论运用于广南地母文化旅游区的旅游规划设计，为广南地母文化符号的旅游产品开发提供科学依据。     

区域发展视域下三线建设调整之经验启示

我国大规模区域建设必须举国家之力,靠体制优势;我国区域发展布局不能非此即彼,要走协调发展之路;我国西部落后区域的发展要依靠其比较优势的发挥;改善区域布局是我国现代化进程中长期、艰巨的任务;我国区域发展应力求使国防安全原则与区域经济建设规律有机统一起来。     

略论党的三代领导集体西部开发战略思想及其实践

新中国成立 5 0年来 ,党的三代领导集体为推动西部地区经济发展进行了艰辛的探索和大胆的实践。 5 0年代初到 70年代末 ,在“均衡发展”战略指导下 ,对西部地区进行过几次较大规模的开发建设 ;80年代初到 90年代中期 ,在共同富裕与“两个大局”思想指导下 ,在西部地区兴建了一批基础设施 ;90年代中期以来 ,实施对口支援 ,使西部经济获得较快发展 ,特别是跨入新世纪之际 ,以江泽民为核心的第三代中央领导集体又作出了西部大开发的战略决策 ,这必将对西部经济发展产生深远影响。     

朝鲜族人口自然增长率下降对发展的影响

本文分析了朝鲜族人口减少的主要原因及负面影响,并提出了解决的对策.     

重视研究西部大开发中的伊斯兰教现实问题

实施西部大开发战略 ,必须正确处理大开发与伊斯兰教的关系 ,从而动员和团结广大穆斯林群众积极投身于西部大开发的伟大进程 ,组织和推动伊斯兰教界在实施西部大开发中作出应有的贡献 ,积极引导伊斯兰教与社会主义社会相适应。本文作者根据工作实践 ,提出一些与西部大开发有关的伊斯兰教现实问题 ,并认为应切实加以研究探讨 ,如维护祖国统一 ,反对民族分裂主义和宗教极端主义 ;关注中国穆斯林与西部地区城市化的关系 ;加紧培养造就新世纪伊斯兰教事业接班人 ,其中包括伊斯兰教高层人士或领袖人物 ,也包括一批高素质、爱国爱教的年轻阿洪或毛拉 ;在广大穆斯林中进一步加强民族宗教政策和法制教育 ;研究和掌握利用网络技术传递伊斯兰教信息等问题