结构性差异视角下的话语分析

有的学者把东西方文化之间对话存在障碍的主要原因归结为东西方之间的思想传统的结构性差异。中国人的思想具有互系性和通变的特点，而西方人秉持二元对应的思维传统。结构性差异视角下的话语分析可以在词汇、小句和价值观念三个层面上进行。实例分析验证了结构性差异是真实存在的，可使读者对所选语话材料有更加深刻细致的理解。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed
Jones, Mari C. Language Obsolescence and Revitalization. Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities .
Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue; Shanker, Stuart and Taylor, Talbot. Apes, Language and the Human Mind .
Kurzon, Dennis. 1998. Discourse of Silence .
Blommaert, Jan and Verschueren, Jef. Debating Diversity: Analysing the Discourse of Tolerance .
Robertshaw, Paul. Summary Justice: Judges Address Juries .
Broderick, George. Language Death in the Isle of Man: An Investigation into the Decline and Extinction of Manx Gaelic as a Community Language in the Isle of Man .
Jenkins, Geraint H. (ed.). Language and Community in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History of the Welsh Language .
Czyz˙ewski, Marek; Kowalski, Sergiusz and Piotrowski, Andrzej (eds.). Rytualny chaos: Studium dyskursu publicznego .
Suleiman, Yasir (ed.). Language and Identity in the Middle East and North Africa .     

“文学话语活动”理论剖析——兼论童本《教程》的编写

"文学话语活动"无疑是童庆炳主编的《文学理论教程》的一个理论亮点。它既追溯到文学研究的历史起点,又坚持了文学研究的逻辑起点,即文学话语活动自身。这一部分的论述体现出教材编写的理论个性。但也存在一些不足。文章希望通过对教材"文学话语活动"理论的具体剖析,有助于《教程》的进一步完善和教材的编写。     

结构-制度分析, 还是过程-事件分析? ———从多元话语分析的视角看

"过程-事件分析"(或"实践社会学")的倡导者批评"结构-制度分析"把社会现实当作一种静态的结构来加以看待,因而不能揭示社会生活的真实奥秘。他们主张只有采用"过程-事件分析"的研究策略,把社会现实当作一种动态的、流动的过程来加以看待,才能够对社会现实作出更为适当的描述和理解。"结构-制度分析"的倡导者则对此种看法进行了严正的反驳。其实,从多元话语分析学者的立场来看,这两种研究策略都只不过是我们可以用来建构社会现实的两种不同的话语系统而已。在它们的引导和约束之下,我们能够采用不同的话语策略来对社会现实做出不同的话语建构。但对于这两种话语系统及人们在它们各自的引导和约束之下所完成的那些话语建构之间到底孰优孰劣这样的问题,我们却难以做出绝对的判断和回答。     

沟通民间的叙事策略——论乡土叙述者文学史意义

乡土人物取代知识分子成为叙述者是1990年代后乡土叙事上的一个显著特征，它是90年代知识分子身份反思在文学文体上的应证。乡土叙述者的叙述语言打开了一扇通往乡土世界的大门，是对知识分子启蒙视角中知识分子眼光和思维方式的挑战和颠覆，而这其中《秦腔》中引生这个叙述人的出现尤其具有文学史意义，它基本上实现了叙述意义从民族国家寓言向乡土生活本身的转变。     

A Conversation With Virus X: Outing a Malevolent and Subversive Force in Parents' Lives

The following conversation describes a narrative means of uncovering (or ‘deconstructing’) some of the invisible forces that undermine parents' capacities in caring for their children in preferred ways. In the authors' experience, parents can be hugely resourceful and provide a clear account of what they ‘should’ be doing, yet seem unable to act upon their own good advice — it is as though an external agent, named below as ‘Virus X’, prevents them from being the parents they would like to be. Through naming this external agent, identifying its influences and noticing parents' acts of resistance in the face of these influences, antidotes to Virus X can be developed. This paper describes the development of such an approach within a child behaviour management group. In keeping with the playful approach encouraged by narrative therapy, the authors of this paper join forces to act as investigative journalists in exposing Virus X to the readers.     

论镜子式人物胡屠户的叙事功能

胡屠户是一个“镜子式”的人物。这面“镜子”承担了麻烦制造者、奚落训斥者、不离不弃者、见证者(看客)、寄生者、前倨后恭者的诸多功能,从而在叙事上创造了无与伦比的生动与复杂。     

乡愁如流水--《看麦娘》与市民情调

池莉小说<看麦娘>在语言上具有流水叙述特色."看麦娘"象征平凡而又优美的双重人格,而父亲正是这种人格的代表."我"所全心依恋的是与父亲和上官瑞芳共同拥有的幼年生活环境,那里生长着"永远的看麦娘".小说意在创造一种都市乡愁,显示市民生活意念都市生活危险而真正理想的完美生活在过去.作家不应仅仅满足于市民情调的生产而是应适当探索市民生活价值的新取向.     

Inside stories: Maternal representations of first time mothers from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy

BackgroundAccording to the psychoanalytical literature, it is during pregnancy that maternal representations of the mother–infant relationship become activated. Midwives who are engaged with the mother and the baby have not drawn upon this concept in their practice. In order for this to happen, it is important to understand better the nature of maternal representations and when they are activated from empirical studies.QuestionThe research question is: what are the maternal representations of a group of first time mothers from pre-pregnancy, early pregnancy and to the first ultrasound.MethodA narrative approach was used to gain insight into the maternal representations of first time pregnant womens’ account of their representations. The analysis method was based on thematic approach.ParticipantsFifteen women aged between 23 and 38 years.SettingA midwives clinic attached to a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia.FindingsFirst-time pregnant women's maternal representations were activated when a woman begins to plan her pregnancy (‘the time is right’), again at the onset of physical changes to her body as a result of conception (‘my body is changing’), and at the first early ultrasound at around twelve weeks (‘it’ is a real baby).ConclusionMaternal representations are important for the midwife and pregnant women because this concept provides another understanding in relation to the psychological dimension of pregnancy.