论我国民法通则中民事行为制度的完善——兼论民法典民事行为制度的构建

我国<民法通则>将民事法律行为界定为合法行为是理论上的一个失误,它导致了民法学理论的冲突和认识的混乱,同时通则对无效民事行为的范围规定过于宽泛,有失妥当,应予修正.民法典应当在总则中设立法律行为制度.     

刑法罪名简繁利弊辩--以中、日刑事立法比较为例

近年来,在刑事司法中时常遇到这样的问题1997年才全面修订的、有400多个罪名的刑法典对一些犯罪案件却难以适用.通过对中、日两国刑事立法的比较分析,探讨了刑法罪名简略与繁缛的利弊得失.认为罪名的简繁各有利弊,但简略利大于弊;法的特性决定罪名的高度概括性;刑法的适用需要法官的判断和推理;关键是尽快改革司法体制,大力提高法官的整体素质.     

论道德规范对社会经济发展的作用与影响

本文就道德规范对社会经济发展的作用与影响进行了多视角的剖析和论述，其中重点探讨了道德规范与社会经济制度的建设、与社会经济行为的校正、与社会经济关系的协调以及与经济体制的改革等的关系问题。     

设立村级河长提升农村水环境治理绩效了吗?——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

农村水环境长期存在“边治理、边衰退”和地方政府监管乏力问题,通过广泛设立村级河长能促进农村水环境治理绩效的提升吗?基于黄河流域4省份实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证检验村级河长的设立对农村水环境治理绩效的影响及机制,比较不同流域差异、地理区位及村庄规模下的组群差异。实证结果表明:村级河长的设立能够显著提升农村水环境治理绩效,对上游村庄、中小型村庄、近郊村的水环境治理绩效有显著的提升效应,且稳健性检验后结论依然成立。进一步的机制分析发现,村级河长有效治理的深层原因在于村庄内部知识资源、关系资源、动员能力发挥着中介效应,在政府纵向激励问责机制的驱动下村级河长通过资源整合与策略化动员,有效弥补自身治水资源不足的缺陷,避开低绩效陷阱,进而提升河长制在“最后一公里”的政策效应。     

太湖黄颡鱼生物学和渔业的初步分析

分析了太湖黄颡鱼（Peteobagrusfulvidraco）的一般生物学特性,包括种内性状变异、年龄与生长、食性、繁殖等,并对黄颡鱼在太湖渔业开发中的作用进行了评价。结果表明：黄颡鱼对太湖经济鱼类危害不大,而且有抑制野杂鱼过量繁殖的作用,因此认为在太湖现有的生态条件下,黄颡鱼应作为优质鱼类加以保护。     

Circuit optimization via sequential computer experiments: design of an output buffer

In electrical engineering, circuit designs are now often optimized via circuit simulation computer models. Typically, many response variables characterize the circuit's performance. Each response is a function of many input variables, including factors that can be set in the engineering design and noise factors representing manufacturing conditions. We describe a modelling approach which is appropriate for the simulator's deterministic input–output relationships. Non-linearities and interactions are identified without explicit assumptions about the functional form. These models lead to predictors to guide the reduction of the ranges of the designable factors in a sequence of experiments. Ultimately, the predictors are used to optimize the engineering design. We also show how a visualization of the fitted relationships facilitates an understanding of the engineering trade-offs between responses. The example used to demonstrate these methods, the design of a buffer circuit, has multiple targets for the responses, representing different trade-offs between the key performance measures.     

多载波CDMA在Rician衰落信道的性能研究

在一种同步ＯＦＤＭＣＤＭＡ的系统模型基础上,对频率非选择性Ｒｉｃｉａｎ衰落信道的误码率性能进行了研究,分析和数值结果说明由于多径的存在系统误码率性能迅速下降,而且当直射成分很小时,信道为Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ信道,系统性能变为最差。     

Perception of Ecological Risk to Water Environments

This paper examines lay and expert perceptions of the ecological risks associated with a range of human activities that could adversely affect water resource environments. It employs the psychometric paradigm pioneered in characterizing perceptions of human health risks, which involves surveys to obtain judgments from subjects about risk items in terms of several important characteristics of the risks. The paper builds on a previous study that introduced ecological risk perception. This second study employs a larger, more diverse sample, a more focused topic area, and comparisons between lay and expert judgments. The results confirm that a small set of underlying factors explain a great deal of variability in lay judgments about ecological risks. These have been termed Ecological Impact, Human Benefits, Controllability , and Knowledge. The results are useful in explaining subjects' judgments of the general riskiness of, and need for regulation of, various risk items. The results also indicate several differences and areas of agreement among the lay and expert samples that point to potential key issues in future ecological risk management efforts for water resources.     

从生态思维方式三个视角分析社会主义核心价值体系

社会主义核心价值体系已成为学术界研究的热点。如何从新的角度深入理解社会主义核心价值体系,是研究走向纵深的必然要求。通过生态思维方式,基于生态学研究理论与方法,运用开放性、预见性、和谐性的思维视角解读社会主义核心价值体系,领悟普遍联系性、永恒发展性、对立统一性等特征。运用生态思维方式解读社会主义核心价值体系,具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。     

Discovering hidden statistical issues through individual-level models in ecological studies

ABSTRACT

In ecological studies, individual inference is made based on results from ecological models. Interpretation of the results requires caution since ecological analysis on group level may not hold in the individual level within the groups, leading to ecological fallacy. Using an ecological regression example for analyzing voting behaviors, we highlight that the explicit use of individual-level models is crucial in understanding the results of ecological studies. In particular, we clarify three relevant statistical issues for each individual-level models: assessment of the uncertainty of parameter estimates obtained from a wrong model, the use of shrinkage estimation method for simultaneous estimation of many parameters, and the necessity of sensitivity analysis rather than adhering to one seemingly most compelling assumption.