农民工的就业与社会保险政策的关系研究——以劳动力市场分割理论为分析视角

随着我国经济发展进程的加快,农民工作为一支经济建设的重要力量,他们的就业和社会保险问题倍受瞩目,成为当前我国学界改革社会保险政策的一项重要研究课题。本文以此为背景,试图从农民工的就业——工资——社会保险这一新的视角切入,以劳动经济学的劳动力市场分割理论作为分析的理论基础,分析农民工就业的特殊性、流动性对其实施社会保险政策影响的内在机理,为我国农民工社会保险改革提出建设性的发展路径。     

论新时期的人力资源开发与有效就业

人力资源开发是我国新时期扩大有效就业的决定性前提条件。它通过优化开发增加人力资源的有效供给,既可促进就业的持续扩大和亿万农民就业非农化的大转换,又能推动新的低劳工成本国际比较优势的形成而扩大就业,从而就可使严重的失业和潜在失业压力得到根本缓解。因此,当前我国应实行"人力资源开发第一"和开发战略重点向农民倾斜的重大战略调整,并重点突破创业能力与创业人才开发的瓶颈,多层次地增加人力资源的有效供给,以从根本上促进有效就业的扩大。     

How the internal flexibility of plants in the U.S. paper industry was increased and what it tells us about the effects of employment security

There is a widely held view to the effect that internal flexibility is most reliably secured through the provision of employment security. The research reported here provides a test of this theory. Interviews were conducted with managers and, to a lesser extent, union officials in a judgment sample of 21 plants in the U.S. paper industry. With limited and specific exceptions, since the early 1980s paper mills have provided generally secure employment. Despite this, unions vigorously opposed management attempts to increase flexibility. In response, management used threats and intimidation to increase flexibility, with some considerable success. The theory that employment security produces internal flexibility requires some revision.     

Religion as resource: Religion and immigrant economic incorporation

Much of the immigration literature in the United States points toward a positive association between religious activity and immigrant economic adaptation. Immigrant congregations serve as informal job fairs, build social capital for entrepreneurial activity, and provide a locale for leadership skill development. Using the New Immigrant Survey, this hypothesis of religion as economic resource is tested among immigrants receiving permanent residency within the United States in 2003. Somewhat surprisingly, most findings indicate a null relationship between religion and economic outcomes (i.e. employment, occupation status, and earnings). However, in instances where a significant relationship does exist, non-Protestant immigrants suffer the greatest economic penalty, particularly among non-Protestants who are not regularly participating in a religious organization. In contrast, non-Protestants who regularly participate have a higher likelihood of employment and higher earnings than their non-participating counterparts. Therefore, this paper extends previous literature in specifying that the religion as resource hypothesis operates best for non-Protestant immigrants who are actively involved in their religious organizations.     

论美国黑人平等就业政策的形成

20世纪60年代中期前,美国政府在保障黑人平等就业方面缺乏作为,黑人在就业领域长期遭受歧视。虽然在内外因素作用下,美国政府通过了《1964年民权法》禁止就业歧视,但该法仍存在一定的局限性。1965年"肯定性行动"的出台,完善了美国的反歧视政策,使其更具有可操作性。"肯定性行动"标志着美国黑人平等就业政策的初步形成。     

我国公共就业服务均等化问题的实证分析——基于2003—2008年全国统计数据面板

公共服务均等化是现代政府的一项基本职能。公共就业服务作为民生性公共服务,其均等化程度备受关注。本文以2003—2008年全国统计数据为面板。借助绝对值、标准差及变异系数等指标对我国公共就业服务进行实证研究。研究发现：我国公共就业服务在财政投入和基本建设方面存在严重的地区差异：城乡劳动者获得的公共就业服务严重不均：公共就业服务的总体效率和满意度不高。这些问题严重阻碍了我国公共就业服务均等化进程及社会的和谐发展。急需得到解决。本文从完善公共财政投入与转移支付制度、健全公共就业服务体系、创新公共就业服务供给模式等方面提出了具体的对策建议。     

Trade options for a small open economy: The different impact of Taiwan exports to China and to other countries

This study aims to explore advantageous trade arrangements for a small open economy. To discover the arrangement, the fundamental question to ask is how trade affects a small economy. Due to the differential factor mobility, the two main streams of trade theory—new economic geography and comparative advantage—make divergent predictions of trade effects. This study identifies the differences in factor mobility and distinguishes the differential impacts of exports to China and other countries on Taiwan’s manufacturing clusters. Using Taiwan’s 2006 and 2011 census data and trade statistics, this study applies the two-stage least squares method to test the differential impacts. The findings reveal that the growth in Taiwan’s exports to other countries significantly increased the employment level of manufacturing clusters in Taiwan. However, such effects have not been found for exports to China. The lack of response in Taiwan’s local employment to exports to China can be inferred as a short-term exhibition of the long-run core-periphery effect. The policy implication of this study is that trade involving low factor mobility is more beneficial than that involving high factor mobility for a small open economy. Thus, for a small economy, trade liberalization that will ‘not’ attract large factor outflows from the small economy is more desirable.     

大学毕业生如何应对就业面试

分析了当前大学毕业生求职面试中常见的问题 ,提出了大学毕业生应如何去面对 ,作好有效的面试准备工作 ,把握求职面试的技巧与策略     

Digitalization in public relations—Changing competences: A longitudinal analysis of skills required in PR job ads

Digitalization has affected working practices in the field of public relations over the past two decades. Consequently, the skills and competences that are expected from public relations professionals are theorized to have undergone stark changes, with obvious implications for educators, role perceptions, and the professionals themselves. Job postings provide information about these changes by describing the skills employers expect and desire from applicants. To date, only a few studies have used this source of information, and these mostly concern the U.S. market using small samples of job postings. The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of how digitalization has impacted the skillsets required of public relations practitioners through the longitudinal automated semantic analysis of 62,391 public relations job postings published in Austria and Germany between 2015 and 2020. The analysis shows an increase in the number of hard skills demanded in PR in this region over the past five years. This change is particularly pronounced with respect to digital skills, thus underlining the importance of digitalization in public relations. The detailed and up-to-date findings describing what the job market is currently looking for and how it is changing will be useful for educators in developing and aligning PR curricula and advanced training programmes.