Decision problems under uncertainty based on entropy functionals

This essay intends to define the role of entropy, in particular, the role of the maximum entropy criterion with respect to decision analysis and information economics. By considering the average opportunity loss interpretation, the basic hypothesis for Shannon's derivation can be derived from properties of decision problems. Using the representation Bayes Boundary it is possible to show that selecting a single probability from a set by the Maximum Entropy Criterion corresponds to a minimax criterion for decision-making. Since problems of randomly accessing and storing information as well as communicating information can often be stated in terms of coding problems, this result might be used to develop strategies for minimizing retrieval time or communication costs.     

英语中空屈折成分的生成及其作用

在梳理学界对空语类不同视角研究的基础上,阐述了空屈折成分的定义与分类,分析了英语中空屈折成分的生成特点,认为所有空屈折成分的生成都与主谓一致原则和格理论相符,加强空屈折成分生成的分析对英语专业学习者学习英语有一定的指导作用.     

关于“中国古代分体文学”教学的一点思考

对师范院校中国古代文学这门课程进行分体裁教学的尝试,是近年来乐山师范学院中文系古代文学教研室对中国古代文学教学进行的改革。与传统的授课模式相比,分体教学模式在具有其明显优势的同时,也存在一些引发出我们思考的相关问题。     

Designing and integrating composite networks for monitoring multivariate gaussian pollution fields

Networks of ambient monitoring stations are used to monitor environmental pollution fields such as those for acid rain and air pollution. Such stations provide regular measurements of pollutant concentrations. The networks are established for a variety of purposes at various times so often several stations measuring different subsets of pollutant concentrations can be found in compact geographical regions. The problem of statistically combining these disparate information sources into a single 'network' then arises. Capitalizing on the efficiencies so achieved can then lead to the secondary problem of extending this network. The subject of this paper is a set of 31 air pollution monitoring stations in southern Ontario. Each of these regularly measures a particular subset of ionic sulphate, sulphite, nitrite and ozone. However, this subset varies from station to station. For example only two stations measure all four. Some measure just one. We describe a Bayesian framework for integrating the measurements of these stations to yield a spatial predictive distribution for unmonitored sites and unmeasured concentrations at existing stations. Furthermore we show how this network can be extended by using an entropy maximization criterion. The methods assume that the multivariate response field being measured has a joint Gaussian distribution conditional on its mean and covariance function. A conjugate prior is used for these parameters, some of its hyperparameters being fitted empirically.     

利益相关者主体性视域下新生代农民工社会保障研究

论述了政府主体性、农民工个体及用人单位主体性发挥在构建新生代农民工社会保障制度方面的重要作用,分析了利益相关者主体性的缺乏导致新生代农民工社会保障制度覆盖率低、退保率高、保障效果差、统筹层次低的原因,提出新生代农民工社会保障制度的构建必须维护政府、用人单位和新生代农民工等利益相关者的主体性地位。     

Informed Public Preferences for Electricity Portfolios with CCS and Other Low‐Carbon Technologies

Public perceptions of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and other low‐carbon electricity‐generating technologies may affect the feasibility of their widespread deployment. We asked a diverse sample of 60 participants recruited from community groups in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to rank 10 technologies (e.g., coal with CCS, natural gas, nuclear, various renewables, and energy efficiency), and seven realistic low‐carbon portfolios composed of these technologies, after receiving comprehensive and carefully balanced materials that explained the costs and benefits of each technology. Rankings were obtained in small group settings as well as individually before and after the group discussions. The ranking exercise asked participants to assume that the U.S. Congress had mandated a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from power plants to be built in the future. Overall, rankings suggest that participants favored energy efficiency, followed by nuclear power, integrated gasification combined‐cycle coal with CCS and wind. The most preferred portfolio also included these technologies. We find that these informed members of the general public preferred diverse portfolios that contained CCS and nuclear over alternatives once they fully understood the benefits, cost, and limitations of each. The materials and approach developed for this study may also have value in educating members of the general public about the challenges of achieving a low‐carbon energy future.     

动物繁育子代的成本收益分析

动物繁育子代的行为与经济学中的理性人行为一样 ,进行成本收益的计算。在对成本和收益进行比较后 ,动物形成三种繁殖方式 ,即直接繁育、间接繁育和坐享其成。同性恋行为的经济基础就是坐享其成取得遗传收益的特殊情况。人类的生育行为也遵循成本收益计算的经济规律     

论科学发展观对环境行政决策的影响及因应对策

环境问题的复杂性、代际性、多元性以及环境行政决策所具有的科技关联性和利益冲突性等特点，决定了我们必须重视科学发展观之于环境行政决策过程与决策体制的影响。科学发展观“以人为本、全面协调可持续发展”的要求与环境行政决策的合法化、科学化、民主化的诉求并行不悖、相互促进。环境行政决策应响应科学发展观的要求，进行体系上的重构，顺应环境法治的时代要求。     

论第三代中央领导集体对改革开放的历史性贡献

党的第三代中央领导集体在30年改革开放历史进程中的最主要历史性贡献：一是确立了邓小平理论在全党全国的指导地位；二是实现了科学社会主义与中国新的实际的结合；三是推进了党的建设新的伟大工程；四是创立了“三个代表”重要思想，把马克思主义中国化的伟大事业向前推进了一大步。     

后现代文化的热寂——论《熵》的艺术风格

美国后现代主义代表作家托马斯.品钦擅长将自然科学和人文科学巧妙融合,他在小说《熵》中把物理的第二热力定律运用到对人类世界的观测比喻,隐喻支离破碎的后现代文化和混乱无序的后现代社会,诠释秩序的不复存在,生动地描绘了世俗凡人盲目、烦躁、错位的生活状况和茫然、虚幻的追求,指出人类能量破坏性的释放,将最终导致熵的增加,隐喻后现代文化热寂的可怕前景。