Work experience as a source of specification error in earnings models: implications for gender wage decompositions

This paper models the bias from using potential vs actual experience in log wage models. The nature of the problem is best viewed as specification error as opposed to classical errors-in-variables. We correct for the discrepancy between potential and actual work experience and create a predicted measure of work experience. We use the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and extend our findings to the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample. Our results suggest that potential experience biases the effects of schooling and the rates of return to labor market experience. Using such a measure in earnings models underestimates the explained portion of the male–female wage gap. We are able to separately identify the decomposition biases associated with incorrect experience measures and biased parameter estimates.      

Jography: Exploring Meanings,Experiences and Spatialities of Recreational Road-running

Jogging is a relatively under-researched mobile practice with much existing literature focusing on ‘serious’ and competitive running. In this paper, we provide an account of some of the movements, meanings and experiences that together help produce the practice of jogging in the south-western English city of Plymouth. Drawing upon participant diaries and interviews, we uncover rich detail about how joggers ascribe not one but a number of meanings to their practice. Some of these are positive, some are negative; some complement each other and some compete with each other. We also consider how the experiences of joggers can be shaped by their ongoing need to develop tactics capable of enabling them to negotiate space with non-joggers. This is in some contrast to more competitive running that occurs in the separated space of an athletics track. Our sense is that better awareness of the meanings and experiences of jogging will be of value if the advertised health and sustainability benefits of the practice are to be more effectively encouraged and promoted.     

从阶级分析到经验的社会学研究——范式转换视角下英国基础教育公平研究的进展

范式转换视角下,20世纪以来不同历史阶段英国教育公平研究的发展,依次出现三个主要研究范式、两次转换:首先是20世纪50年代,阶级分析范式向政治算术范式转换,教育公平研究重心也从揭示入学机会不平等,拓展到教育结果和职业成就领域的不平等,教育公平内涵从入学机会平等延伸至教育结果直至职业成就的平等；其次是20世纪90年代,政治算术研究范式向经验的社会学研究范式转换.经验的社会学研究,揭示了政治算术所不能企及的领域,使教育公平研究的触角深入教育过程内部,并让社会边缘群体发出声音,教育公平内涵也从追求同质化的平等转向“有差异的平等”.两次范式转换给我们的启示是,国内教育公平研究迫切需要突破城乡二元之间资源公平分配的范式,重构一种新的能够包容资源分配和人的差异性的范式.     

Authentic leadership and leaders' mental well-being: An experience sampling study

Research on authentic leadership has yielded important insights about its effects on subordinates. However, its consequences for the leaders themselves remain largely unexamined. This is problematic, as organizations require their leaders to provide guidance and leaders' mental well-being is a prerequisite for this. Drawing on the theories of ego-depletion and authentic leadership, we investigate the role of authentic leadership in predicting leaders' mental well-being. In an experience sampling study, we apply hierarchical linear modeling to analyze 396 observations from 44 executives. Our multilevel moderated mediation analyses reveal that authentic leadership reduces leaders' stress and increases their work engagement and that these effects are mediated by leader mental depletion. Moreover, we show that the indirect effects are contingent on the extent to which leaders interact with their subordinates: authentic leaders deplete less with increasing follower interaction, while inauthentic leaders deplete less with decreasing follower interaction.     

快乐主义理论视角下青少年网瘾问题分析

青少年由于受到来自自身、家庭、学校的压抑而导致不快乐感上升,逐渐沉迷于网络"乐土"的现象时有发生。他们将快乐主义误解为单纯追求感官享受的享乐主义,导致不同程度的人性扭曲问题出现。这些严重后果的产生亟待我们重新理解快乐主义伦理学。从动的快乐与静的快乐、独乐主义与众乐主义、感官快乐与精神快乐等角度分析发现,青少年快乐主义体验型教育不失为解决网瘾问题的良好对策:它重视学习过程中的快乐情感体验,构建快乐主义体验型教育新模式;模拟青少年喜欢的网络内容,创新传统教育方法;改变单一的认知目标,情感目标与认知目标齐头并进。     

Trust in triads: Experience effects

Buskens et al. (2010; hereafter BRV) tested game-theoretic hypotheses about embeddedness effects on trust experimentally. We provide evidence from an extended replication of their experiment. The new experiment sheds light on how experience affects behavior in embedded Trust Games.     

高峰体验与人格完善——论马斯洛的宗教心理学

美国人本主义心理学的开创者A.H.马斯洛通过需求层次论、自我实现者、高峰体验、高原体验等一系列重要心理学概念,描述了个体的人格完善与宗教信仰及其经验之间的关系。人们注重他的心理学说,却忽视了其中的宗教意蕴。他的宗教心理学有利于我们理解自身,并追求成功和幸福。     

上古汉语表“经验”的一种特殊形式

“闻 之,O”在上古汉语主要典籍中可以找到诸多实例,是一种使用频率很高的句法结构形式,它与同时期的“尝(副词) VP”一样,用于表示“经验”意义。从语法性质上看,它居于句法层面,因此,这种表达形式属于句法手段。由这种手段表示的“经验”意义属于句法或语义范畴。“闻 之,O”形式还起到了语篇连接作用。     

汉语和汉藏语系其他语言“经验体”记

汉语（包括各地方言）“体”范畴中的“经验体”主要用助词“过”附加于谓词性成分之后表示，汉藏系其他语言“经验体”的标记成分有的是借用汉语的“过”，有的是与汉语同源的成分，可分“k-”、“t-”两组，它们之间有密切的关系。