Appropriate use of bright light promotes a durable adaptation to night-shifts and accelerates readjustment during recovery after a period of night-shifts

Abstract

The present study examines the stability of bright light circadian readjustment during two consecutive dim light night-work periods and circadian synchronization during the recovery after a night-shift period. A sample of 10 subjects was divided into 2 groups (control group: 6 subjects; experimental group: 4 subjects). All subjects worked during 5 days, between 23:00 and 07:00 h and then went to sleep. Subjects received 2500-3000 lux between 02:00 and 05:00 h during 5 days for the control group and 3 days for the experimental group. During recovery after the night-shift periods, three cycles of bright light were administered at two different times: 12:00-15:00 h for two of six subjects from the control group and 10:00-13:00 h for all subjects (4) of the experimental group. By the fifth cycle of night-work the maximum of urinary aMT6s excretion that occurs at 05:00 h in the baseline condition was shifted to 12:00 h for the control and experimental groups (delay in hours: 7±1.6 (control); 7±1 (experimental)). This result suggests that three cycles of bright light are sufficient to induce a significant phase delay and that this delay remained stable when night-work proceeded under dim light. The phase delay of the circadian aMT6s excretion by exposure to bright light was accompanied by an improvement of the quality of day sleep and level of cognitive and psychomotor performances for control and experimental groups. No significant difference was observed in the two groups for daytime sleep and nocturnal performance. The two bright light periods used during the three days of recovery induced a complete synchronization in five of six subjects. One subject showed a partial synchronization probably because he remained at the laboratory under dim light during the day and had few family and social contacts.     

The shifting ‘stages’ of performance: a study of ‘Chavang Kut’ festival in Manipur

Chavang Kut, a post-harvesting festival in Manipur, represents an important cultural expression of the Chin-Kuki-Mizo group of people. The article looks at the participation of the Thadou community in the celebration by tracing their performative historiography. In the past, the celebration was primarily important in the religio-cultural sense. The rhythmic movements of the dances in the festival were inspired by animals, agricultural techniques and showed their relationship with ecology. Today, the celebration witnesses the shifting of stages and is revamped to suit new contexts and interpretations. The traditional dances which forms the core of the festival is now performed in the out-of-village settings and are staged in a secular public sphere. While used by the state as a political project to bring unity amongst the different communities of Manipur, recent socio-political occasions showed how it is used as a site of contestations against the state.     

中西网络政府及其行政权力运行之比较

建立网络政府、倡导网络政治是当代社会发展的一股潮流，西方发达国家已经先行一步。中国政府也在积极探索建立网络政府，推进行政权力网上公开透明运行的必由之路，并且取得了一系列重要成果。比较中西在网络政府建设中的不同举措，总结各自的经验教训对于我国网络政府的建设以及达成“权力在阳光下运行”的目标或许有所启迪。     

服务型政府视野中的公共服务分工

建设服务型政府要求强化政府的公共服务能力.公共服务分工是指政府在强化公共服务职能和财政责任的同时,还要充分发挥市场在配置资源和社会在整合资源方面的特有作用,发展公共服务规划者和生产者的专业优势.尽管公共服务分工有利于弥补政府直接生产的局限性,但也不可避免地存在交易成本,需要进行有效的合同治理.对于公共服务分工而言,选择能够节省交易成本和具备激励机制的制度安排至关重要.公共服务的分工还有助于防止政府、市场与社会组织之间的相互对抗,重建新的权利和责任体系,有效地促进社会和谐.     

Estimation of mean using double sampling for stratification and multivariate auxiliary information

Several estimators for estimating the mean of a principal variable are proposed based on double sampling for stratification (DSS) and multivariate auxiliary information. The general properties of the proposed estimators are studied, search for optimum estimators is made and the proposed estimators are compared with the corresponding estimators based on unstratified double sampling (USDS).     

从吉尔吉斯斯坦政变看政府合法性的构建

政府合法性既是民众对政府的一种心理认同，又是一种行为接受，如果政府不能有效地满足“被领导者”的要求，就会出现合法性危机。此次吉尔吉斯政变不仅有合利益性缺失、社会异质度高、政治精英失范等内部原因，更有美俄力量角逐等外部原因。所以，政府合法性要在增强政权有效性、“刻写一反刻写”的合法性求证和坚持本土化的民族发展模式中进行构建。     

A case study of the impact of integrated project governances on PPP project performance

Under the new normal state, the PPP project will play a more and more important role in the social and economic development of China. To improve the performance of PPP project management, it is necessary to implement integrated project governances. Firstly, according to the index system of two kinds of PPP projects governances (Contract Governance and Relationship Governance) and PPP project management performance determined by theoretical analysis, the DDX project is selected as the analysis object. After identifying the case, this paper explains the basic information and preliminary work of the case. Then, the three contents of contract governance, relationship governance and project performance are analyzed comprehensively. Case studies show that all of these two governance modes have positive effects on project management performance. However, due to the lack of information in the case, the validity of the conclusion also needs to be verified again.     

中国证券市场并购行为绩效的实证分析

企业并购是证券市场上资源配置的重要方式,它对企业经营绩效有着重大的影响。本文在回顾相关文献资料的基础上,采用统计方法对近年来我国证券市场的并购行为进行了分析,得出了不同并购行为所产生的不同并购绩效结果,分析了影响并购绩效的相关因素,并提出了若干改善企业并购绩效的政策建议。     

论南京国民政府的工业政策 (1927-1937年)

南京国民政府建立初期拟定的一系列有关工业建设的政策,其内政外交举措根本不足以言工业建设。“九·一八”事变后,为固本自卫计,南京政府更多地注意计划工作,有选择地实践孙中山有关工业建设的遗教,初步发展了国家资本,一定程度上维护了民族利益和资产阶级的利益,为抗日战争积累了一定的物质基础。但是,“攘外必先安内”基本国策的制约和日本帝国主义的侵扰,使南京政府的工业政策实施陷入举步维艰的自相矛盾之中。     

Psychophysical conditions and hormonal secretion in nurses on a rapidly rotating shift schedule and exposed to bright light during night work

The psychophysical conditions of 15 young female nurses, working in a rapidly-rotating shift system (2-2-2-2), modified according to some psychophysiological criteria, and exposed to short period (4 × 20 min) of bright light (2350 Lux) during their night duty, were studied in order to evaluate their adaptation to night work and to test a possible positive effect on it of bright light. Subjective evaluations of work load and psychophysical conditions, performance measures, hormonal excretion (cortisol, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and catecholamines), oral temperature and activity-sleep logs were taken during the shiftwork cycle, comprising one morning, one afternoon and two consecutive nights under normal and bright light. The results showed that this rapidly-rotating shift system had little effect upon the normal circadian rhythms of the body. Moreover, the lengthening of the night shift to 10 h can be considered to be acceptable, provided that work load is reduced and there are sufficient rest pauses available. On the other hand, the reduction to 7 h of the length of the day shifts and delayed start of the morning shift to 07:00 h appeared to be convenient both in relation to the work load and sleep duration. Some positive effects of bright light upon psychophysical conditions and performance efficiency were noted, while hormonal excretion and body temperature did not show any effect of bright light; in particular, melatonin excretion was not suppressed appreciably by the bright light used.