Measuring Nonlinear Granger Causality in Mean

We propose model-free measures for Granger causality in mean between random variables. Unlike the existing measures, ours are able to detect and quantify nonlinear causal effects. The new measures are based on nonparametric regressions and defined as logarithmic functions of restricted and unrestricted mean square forecast errors. They are easily and consistently estimated by replacing the unknown mean square forecast errors by their nonparametric kernel estimates. We derive the asymptotic normality of nonparametric estimator of causality measures, which we use to build tests for their statistical significance. We establish the validity of smoothed local bootstrap that one can use in finite sample settings to perform statistical tests. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the proposed test has good finite sample size and power properties for a variety of data-generating processes and different sample sizes. Finally, the empirical importance of measuring nonlinear causality in mean is also illustrated. We quantify the degree of nonlinear predictability of equity risk premium using variance risk premium. Our empirical results show that the variance risk premium is a very good predictor of risk premium at horizons less than 6 months. We also find that there is a high degree of predictability at the 1-month horizon, that can be attributed to a nonlinear causal effect. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

陕西能源资源产业指标对资源税调整的响应态势拟合

对所筛选出的能源资源的有关指标进行相关性分析,辨识出与资源税相关性较高的指标,进而对其进行Granger因果检验.甄别出与资源税因果关系可能性较大的变量,基于Eviews平台,通过实验进行线性曲线拟合,对这些因变量构造拟合方程,并对拟合结果进行检验.研究显示,分别构造全省煤炭采选业新增固定资产投资、规模以上煤炭采选业工业总产值、规模以上煤炭采选业工业销售产值、石油消费量、单位GDP能源消耗五个拟合方程能够较好地模拟对资源税变动的响应关系,进而为预判资源税调整后可能对能源资源产业发展所带来的变化和为采取相应的对策提供定量化的决策依据.     

能源与经济因果关系检验:回顾与展望

针对国内外能源与经济因果关系众说纷纭的现状,在总结Granger因果关系检验方法发展脉络的基础上,归纳检验变量之间因果关系的统计方法及其在国内外能源消费与经济发展关系实证检验的结果,做出四个代际划分,并按照检验因果关系四个代际的区分与相应的优劣,给出适用于时间序列和面板数据统计因果关系检验的一般步骤。同时指出面板数据、非线性因果关系检验方法将成为研究的发展方向。     

农村社区型金融机构发展影响因素的实证分析

由于具有市场、信息、成本、区域等方面的竞争优势,农村社区型金融机构已经成为我国农村金融机构创新的首要途径。虽然自2005年以来我国不断出台相关鼓励政策和措施,但农村社区型金融机构的发展却仍然不尽如人意。为更好地促进其发展,利用向量误差修正模型,首次从定量的角度明确影响农村社区型金融机构发展的现实因素及其影响程度。研究结果表明,财政收入、城乡居民储蓄存款余额及农村居民消费水平对农村社区型金融机构的发展影响最为显著。     

中日总产出波动与服务产业结构演变互动关系比较分析

通过中国和日本2000-2011年的实际经济数据,采用HP滤波方法获取周期数据,对中日总产出波动与服务产业结构演变关系进行实证分析发现：第一,分类服务产业结构演变显示,中日两国传统服务业比重呈不断下降趋势,相比传统服务业,两国现代服务业比重呈不断上升趋势;第二,周期波动和相关性检验显示,中国服务产业与总产出周期波动显著高于日本,中国现代服务业和社会服务业的失衡性发展,极有可能对传统服务业产生负效应;第三,格兰杰短期因果关系检验显示,中日服务产业和产出总量指标分别在1996-2011和1986-2011年期间存在显著的双向格兰杰因果关系,尤其“金融保险业”和“房地产、租赁与商务业”是总产出的单向格兰杰原因,因此应对中国过热的房地产服务业给予更多关注,避免在中国重现“日本失去的十年”.     

新疆边境贸易与经济增长关系的实证研究

该文利用计量经济学方法,针对边境贸易对经济增长的拉动度及新疆边境贸易与经济增长关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:新疆边境贸易进出口总额与经济增长之间具有长期稳定的均衡关系;新疆经济增长是边境贸易进出口增长的Granger原因,但边境贸易进出口增长不是新疆经济增长的Granger原因。     

基于面板数据的风险投资与区域创新因果关系研究

本文采用面板的Granger因果检验,对1997-2008年间我国24个省市自治区风险投资与创新之间因果关系进行的实证研究结果表明,风险投资和专利授权均是一阶单整变量;且Kao检验、Johansen Fisher检验和Pedroni检验的协整检验结果也十分显著。这不仅说明了风险投资和专利授权变量间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,而且还验证了"风险投资先于创新"假说的成立。但却没有发现"创新先于风险投资"的显著证据。     

西安市房地产资金来源结构与房地产价格波动的关系分析

从房地产资金来源结构的角度入手,探究西安市房地产价格的不合理上涨,根据1995—2008年西安市房地产开发资金来源与房地产价格数据,在利用ADF法对时间序列数据进行平稳性检验的基础上,运用Granger因果关系检验模型对房地产开发资金来源变动与房地产价格变动之间的因果关系进行实证研究。结果表明:国内贷款、利用外资与房地产价格的变化没有直接的因果关系;其他投资与自筹资金对房地产价格有着一定的推动作用。     

投资与中原经济区发展关系研究——基于1989-2009年河南省的时间序列数据分析

投资是中原经济区建设的重要着力点。以河南为例,利用河南省1989-2009年的时间序列数据,通过ADF单位根检验、Granger因果关系检验等,实证分析了投资与经济发展之间的关系。结果表明：投资增长与经济发展之间存在双向的因果关系。     

Trade openness and manufacturing growth in Malaysia

This study investigates the long-run relationship between trade openness and manufacturing growth and further assesses the causal relationship between these variables. Contrary to some scholars belief that at national level, openness does not contribute to growth in Malaysia, our sector specific analysis suggest otherwise. In this aspect, we believe that in any attempt to establish relationship between openness and growth, the analysis should be sector specific since it is more relevant as well as assures a meaningful insight for policy makers. The results suggest that in the long-run, trade openness is positively related to manufacturing growth in Malaysia. Furthermore, the results also suggest that openness should be viewed as the long term policy initiative for the sector to benefit. Therefore, the policy direction for Malaysian manufacturing sectors should focus on long term trade openness policies. Nevertheless, to ensure sustainability, emphasis should be placed on how (which manufacturing sub-sectors) or when openness is actually important. Importantly, policy makers and scholars should understand that leveraging the benefits of openness also depend on whether the liberalized sector has the comparative advantage.