储蓄率与经济增长的关系研究——基于中国1978～2008年间的数据分析

储蓄率在现代经济增长理论中占有极其重要的地位,是影响经济增长率的重要变量,大量实证研究也证实了这一点。基于中国1978～2008年间的数据,采用Granger因果检验来分析储蓄率和经济增长之间的关系,分析结果显示：经济增长率是储蓄率的Granger原因,但储蓄率对经济增长率的影响作用不显著。因此,中国宏观调控政策的重点应当放在启动消费上,适度改善投资结构,加强对可贷资金的引导和规范,保证储蓄向投资转化渠道的畅通。     

湖南农村金融与经济增长关系的实证分析

采用格兰杰因果检验和协整方法对湖南农村金融发展与经济增长之间的关系进行实证检验,研究表明,1987-2008年间,存在农村真实货币余额增长率(M/P)、存款利率(R)、乡镇企业贷款(FL)三个因素的协整关系,其中农村真实货币余额增长率、乡镇企业贷款对农林牧渔业总产值的存在因果关系,其他序列与农林牧渔业总产值则不存在因果关系,同时利用回归分析对三因素进行定量分析。这说明湖南农村金融深化、农业借贷能在一定程度上促进农村经济的增长。     

我国货币供给与股票价格的关联性

在威廉斯估价模型和货币内生性理论框架内,通过理论分析可以看出,股票价格变化会对货币供给变化产生一定冲击,同时,货币供给变化也会对股票价格变化产生一定影响。但是,通过选取中国金融市场的历史数据进行平稳性检验和协整分析,并建立VAR模型,用SAS编程对货币供给与股票价格进行格兰杰因果关系检验,运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解对此因果关系及VAR模型的参数进行解释后,得出的结论却与理论分析有所不同：股票价格变化对货币供给变化具有显著的影响,且对各层次货币供给影响程度不同,但货币供给变化对股票价格变化的影响却不显著。因此,管理当局不仅要分析宏观经济对货币的需求,也要关注股票价格变化对货币供给的影响。     

中国煤炭消耗与经济增长的结构变化及因果关系研究

采用BA I与PERRON的结构断点检验,对我国1952~2006年间,GDP增长与煤炭消耗时间序列进行了研究,发现各时间序列均为围绕着多个结构断点的分段趋势平稳过程。对去势之后的两指标数据构建VAR模型并进行因果检验。结果表明,只存在着从煤炭消耗到经济增长之间的单向因果关系。这一结论对于未来制订我国的环保与能源发展政策将具有重要的启示意义。     

Tracing ‘driver’ versus ‘modulator’ information flow throughout large-scale,task-related neural circuitry

Primary objective: To determine the relative uses of neural action potential (‘spike’) data versus local field potentials (LFPs) for modeling information flow through complex brain networks. Hypothesis: The common use of LFP data, which are continuous and therefore more mathematically suited for spectral information-flow modeling techniques such as Granger causality analysis, can lead to spurious inferences about whether a given brain area ‘drives’ the spiking in a downstream area. Experiment: We recorded spikes and LFPs from the forelimb motor cortex (M1) and the magnocellular red nucleus (mRN), which receives axon collaterals from M1 projection cells onto its distal dendrites, but not onto its perisomatic regions, as rats performed a skilled reaching task. Results and implications: As predicted, Granger causality analysis on the LFPs—which are mainly composed of vector-summed dendritic currents—produced results that if conventionally interpreted would suggest that the M1 cells drove spike firing in the mRN, whereas analyses of spiking in the two recorded regions revealed no significant correlations. These results suggest that mathematical models of information flow should treat the sampled dendritic activity as more likely to reflect intrinsic dendritic and input-related processing in neural networks, whereas spikes are more likely to provide information about the output of neural network processing.     

世界股票市场统一指数设计与应用研究——对亚、美、欧三地区股票价格指数为样本的分析

文章以全球75个国家的股票市场指数为研究样本,根据指数的编制原则,采用派许指数和简单平均的计算方法,提出变化率的指数设计方法,分别设计出亚太地区、美洲地区、欧洲地区的股票价格指数,并以这三个地区为样本,编制出世界股票市场统一指数。最后实证检验了世界股票指数与各地区主要股票指数的相关性,运用Granger因果检验世界股价指数与世界GDP的因果关系,结果表明“世界股市是世界国民经济的‘晴雨表’”的结论。      

Measuring Nonlinear Granger Causality in Mean

We propose model-free measures for Granger causality in mean between random variables. Unlike the existing measures, ours are able to detect and quantify nonlinear causal effects. The new measures are based on nonparametric regressions and defined as logarithmic functions of restricted and unrestricted mean square forecast errors. They are easily and consistently estimated by replacing the unknown mean square forecast errors by their nonparametric kernel estimates. We derive the asymptotic normality of nonparametric estimator of causality measures, which we use to build tests for their statistical significance. We establish the validity of smoothed local bootstrap that one can use in finite sample settings to perform statistical tests. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the proposed test has good finite sample size and power properties for a variety of data-generating processes and different sample sizes. Finally, the empirical importance of measuring nonlinear causality in mean is also illustrated. We quantify the degree of nonlinear predictability of equity risk premium using variance risk premium. Our empirical results show that the variance risk premium is a very good predictor of risk premium at horizons less than 6 months. We also find that there is a high degree of predictability at the 1-month horizon, that can be attributed to a nonlinear causal effect. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

陕西能源资源产业指标对资源税调整的响应态势拟合

对所筛选出的能源资源的有关指标进行相关性分析,辨识出与资源税相关性较高的指标,进而对其进行Granger因果检验.甄别出与资源税因果关系可能性较大的变量,基于Eviews平台,通过实验进行线性曲线拟合,对这些因变量构造拟合方程,并对拟合结果进行检验.研究显示,分别构造全省煤炭采选业新增固定资产投资、规模以上煤炭采选业工业总产值、规模以上煤炭采选业工业销售产值、石油消费量、单位GDP能源消耗五个拟合方程能够较好地模拟对资源税变动的响应关系,进而为预判资源税调整后可能对能源资源产业发展所带来的变化和为采取相应的对策提供定量化的决策依据.     

能源与经济因果关系检验:回顾与展望

针对国内外能源与经济因果关系众说纷纭的现状,在总结Granger因果关系检验方法发展脉络的基础上,归纳检验变量之间因果关系的统计方法及其在国内外能源消费与经济发展关系实证检验的结果,做出四个代际划分,并按照检验因果关系四个代际的区分与相应的优劣,给出适用于时间序列和面板数据统计因果关系检验的一般步骤。同时指出面板数据、非线性因果关系检验方法将成为研究的发展方向。     

农村社区型金融机构发展影响因素的实证分析

由于具有市场、信息、成本、区域等方面的竞争优势,农村社区型金融机构已经成为我国农村金融机构创新的首要途径。虽然自2005年以来我国不断出台相关鼓励政策和措施,但农村社区型金融机构的发展却仍然不尽如人意。为更好地促进其发展,利用向量误差修正模型,首次从定量的角度明确影响农村社区型金融机构发展的现实因素及其影响程度。研究结果表明,财政收入、城乡居民储蓄存款余额及农村居民消费水平对农村社区型金融机构的发展影响最为显著。