经济全球化的成因、特征、效应与中国的应对

本文集中论述 :1 .经济全球化在各国宏观经济体制趋同、以跨国公司为典型代表的微观经济主体的全球性套利活动、以及信息技术进步三大主要因素的推动下 ,正日益成为一种不可逆转的潮流。2 .经济全球化在本质上是一个自发的市场机制作用的过程 ,其结果是必然在全球范围内形成发展中国家和发达国家之间非均衡的财富分配。 3 .中国经济正在逐步融入到全球经济之中去 ,经济全球化浪潮在给中国带来机遇的同时 ,也带来了一系列诸如贸易、储备和体制等方面的不利冲击。为应对这些冲击 ,中国需要通过产业梯度转移、更加灵活的汇率政策和更加自由化的经济来提高自己的国际竞争力     

教育与医疗保险对老年人健康状况的影响

使用2006年CHNS数据,分析了老年人健康的影响因素,使用了工具变量法解决了教育年限和是否参加医疗保险两个变量的内生性问题,回归结果显示,教育和医疗保险并不会负作用于老年人健康,这否认了描述分析、初步回归得出的教育和医疗保险显著负作用于老年人健康的结论。在总结分析结果的基础上,论述了研究不足,对一些问题进行了解释,并针对研究结论提出了若干思考。     

Parenting Gains in Head Start as a Function of Initial Parenting Skill

Using data from the Head Start Impact Study (n = 3,696), this article examines whether one year of Head Start differentially benefited parents as a function of their initial parenting behaviors. Four outcomes are examined, namely, parents' rates of engaging in cognitive stimulation, reading to their child, and spanking, as well as their depressive symptoms. In general, most parents demonstrated improvements in their reading practices and cognitive stimulation regardless of their parenting behaviors at baseline. However, depressive symptoms and spanking behavior showed improvements only among parents who began the Head Start program with the most depressive symptoms and the most frequent spanking, respectively. These findings suggest that treatment‐induced changes in parenting can vary by parents' incoming attributes and that heterogeneity of effects should be considered. Implications for Head Start and other parenting interventions are discussed.     

The leap from ROI to SROI: Farther than expected?

Social return on investment (SROI) is a popular method for evaluating the impact that organizations have on society and the environment. It has its roots in finance, where return on investment (ROI) is used to evaluate investments. Over the past ten years, SROI has made the leap from a tool for building private wealth to one that advances the public good. Has it landed us in a better place? To answer the question, I describe the general approach to financial analysis, how it is applied to financial decisions, and how it has been adapted to evaluate impact. I then consider the strengths and weaknesses of SROI, and suggest how, by pushing beyond the constraints of financial analysis, it can give stakeholders voice and provide evidence of success from diverse perspectives. Along the way, I propose a conceptual model for value, a foundational concept in SROI that has been criticized by some as underdeveloped, and I include a technical appendix that identifies potential sources of statistical bias in SROI estimates. I conclude by acknowledging our growing need to incorporate efficiency as one of multiple success criteria and the role that SROI—properly implemented—can play.     

区块链技术对国民经济核算发展的影响

区块链在记账技术方面实现了重大创新,从根本上影响了国民经济核算的发展方向。本文从改变工商会计数据基础、重新界定数据资产权益、金融中介服务去中心化以及大规模开发应用微观数据等几个角度探讨了区块链技术重大突破对国民经济核算发展的影响。本文认为,为了适应区块链技术的发展,国民经济核算应在改变机构单位和基层单位的划分方法、扩展数据生产边界、拓展数据资产核算范围、完善金融产出和金融资产处理方法、加强跨境经济活动核算等方面进一步优化创新。     

农户蔬菜质量安全控制行为及其影响因素实证研究——基于农户对政府、市场及组织质量安全监管影响认知的视角

利用山东省等四省831份调查问卷,运用结构方程模型(SEM),基于农户认知的角度,分析了政府、市场及组织监管对农户蔬菜质量安全控制行为的影响程度.研究表明,农户对安全蔬菜生产标准的认识并不准确,大部分农户生产行为不规范;政府对农户蔬菜质量安全控制行为的影响最大,组织的影响次之,市场的影响最小,且三者之间是紧密相关的:在政府、市场及组织的监管措施中,政府的检测力度、市场的责任追溯能力、组织的检测力度对规范农卢安全生产行为尤为重要.为进一步规范农户安全生产行为,应同时加强政府、市场及组织对农户的监管.同时,政府还应加强对市场和组织的监管.     

Students in Research Placements as Part of Professional Degrees: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

The current emphasis of government is on research that shows engagement and impact. At the same time, there is a focus on Work Integrated Learning [WIL] in tertiary education, however, in an increasingly neoliberal climate of resource constraints, it can be difficult to provide sufficient quality placement opportunities. Student research placements are an opportunity to support the engagement and impact agenda and fill the scarcity of placements. In order to explore the viability of, challenges of, and insights about research placements a systematic literature review covering the years 2008–2017 was undertaken. Findings highlight beneficial learning outcomes for students but reporting in the identified studies scarcely considers the outcomes for organisations, supervisors and academics, or the impact of the research. The discussion highlights the need to establish student research placements systematically and to report on the outcomes.

IMPLICATIONS

• Research placements provide beneficial learning opportunities to students.

• Research placements require established relationships and collaboration and need to be organised systematically.

• Very few studies reported on the outcomes of the research and more detailed reporting of the research impact is needed.

     

人文素质对大学生成才的影响及对策

人文素质是人的基本素质,是人在生活中习得的内在品质。人文素质从多方面影响大学生能力素质、专业素质、心理素质、思想道德素质。目前,中国大学生的人文素质尚有不足,高校人文素质教育也存在不少问题。为了进一步提升大学生的人文素质,大学生自身方面、高校方面都应采取措施。     

店名用语异化现象综观

语言在使用过程中会逐渐孳生出许多与该语言基本风格、文化神韵等迥然不同的特殊形式,这就是语言的异化现象。语言异化突出地表现在店名之中,使之呈现出新奇化、西洋化、复古化、娇柔化、典雅化、粗俗化的倾向。店名用语的异化是受经济效益、语用心理、流行文化及语言系统等多种因素综合作用的结果。在创新语言的同时,也极大地挑战着汉语的原有规范,值得大家关注,对其规范性的判定宜采取审慎的态度。     

QRA Model‐Based Risk Impact Analysis of Traffic Flow in Urban Road Tunnels

Road tunnels are vital infrastructures providing underground vehicular passageways for commuters and motorists. Various quantitative risk assessment (QRA) models have recently been developed and employed to evaluate the safety levels of road tunnels in terms of societal risk (as measured by the F/N curve). For a particular road tunnel, traffic volume and proportion of heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are two adjustable parameters that may significantly affect the societal risk, and are thus very useful in implementing risk reduction solutions. To evaluate the impact the two contributing factors have on the risk, this article first presents an approach that employs a QRA model to generate societal risk for a series of possible combinations of the two factors. Some combinations may result in F/N curves that do not fulfill a predetermined safety target. This article thus proposes an “excess risk index” in order to quantify the road tunnel risk magnitudes that do not pass the safety target. The two‐factor impact analysis can be illustrated by a contour chart based on the excess risk. Finally, the methodology has been applied to Singapore's KPE road tunnel and the results show that in terms of meeting the test safety target for societal risk, the traffic capacity of the tunnel should be no more than 1,200 vehs/h/lane, with a maximum proportion of 18% HGVs.