唯美与现实: 荷兰画派对《意中人》的文学化用

本文旨在分析哈代如何在《意中人》中借鉴17世纪荷兰画派进行文学创作。首先，看似“低俗生厌”的荷兰画派启发了小说的形式创造。哈代借用荷兰画派的手法和内涵融通了绘画与小说这两种不同艺术形式在再现现实主义思想上的一致性。其次，荷兰画派是《意中人》的想象来源之一。荷兰画派的意象、主题和类别被创造性地整合进《意中人》中，哈代借此表达了艺术取代上帝，以审美的态度应对人生的文学思想。     

SUBJECT AND SUBSTRATUM : ON JAPANESE IMPERIAL NATIONALISM

This paper addresses the theoretical and philosophical questions concerning how an individual identified him/herself as a member of an ethnic, racial, or national community in the context of Japanese Imperialist discourse during the 1930's. The central focus is Tanabe Hajime. Together with his mentor Nishida Kitaro, Tanabe established the so-called Kyoto School of Philosophy in the 1920's. With his background in the philosophy of sciences and mathematics, and modern European metaphysics, Tanabe created a philosophical argument for the multi-ethnic nation-state, and proposed the universalistic concept of Japanese national identity which positively evaluates and integrates individuals of different ethnic backgrounds into one. He constructed the Logic of Species (Shu no Ronri) according to which a member of the Japanese Empire could identify with Japan precisely because she or he can participate in the Japanese State which represents the whole, inclusive of all the ethnic groups. Relying upon the Hegelian concept of negativity, he explained the two different levels of belonging: particularistic belonging to the specific identity (shu) such as ethnicity, and universalistic belonging to the generic identity (rui). And he further demonstrated that ethnic identity is far from fixed, and is brought into the subject's self-awareness only insofar as the subject negates it and is free from it. In other words, the subject becomes aware of her/his ethnic origin only when s/he negates it thereby participating in a higher order of social formation, the State, under which ethnic multiplicity is subsumed. Thus the species of ethnicity is constituted only insofar as it is negatively mediated by the genus, that is, the State. Tanabe saw the essential form of human freedom in this negative relation of the subject to his ethnicity, and understood a subject's belonging to a nation as a dialectic and negative process of mediation between the species and the genus. While postwar Japan was built upon the premises of ethnic nationalism, Japanese imperial nationalism of the pre-war period was afraid of ethnic nationalisms which could challenge the Empire's rhetoric of multiethnicity and pluralism. Tanabe's Logic of Species was a response to such needs of Japanese Imperialism and it represented a philosophical attempt to undermine ethnic nationalism. Not surprisingly, it served as a metaphysical foundation for the idea of the Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere.     

故国之思与信史精神——万斯同、温睿临与《南疆逸史》的编纂

万斯同和温睿临同为清初具有崇高民族气节的史学家,二人交谊笃厚,互相推重.万斯同以二十余年之辛劳,为官修<明史>作出卓越贡献,他以务存信史、别识心裁作为修史的指导思想,在史料上强调广采和别择,在体例和文字表述上务求严谨、精审,尤其关心保存南明史的记载.温睿临的<南疆逸史>是在万斯同的鼓励与帮助下完成的,此书在修史格局上苦心经营,以"纪略"起到"本纪"的作用,与清朝官方"深没南明"的做法形成鲜明对照;在列传的撰写和编排上,突出忠臣义士的功绩,对抗清活动记载颇详.足见万斯同的故国之思和信史精神,均在<南疆逸史>中得到成功体现,这部佳作的撰成是万、温两位史家深厚友谊的见证和爱国思想的结晶.     

三国两晋皇室婚姻身份性变化对外戚政治的影响

三国两晋时期,皇室婚姻的身份门第不断加强。这种变化,使外戚对政治的影响逐步加大。三国时,外戚在政治上无多大作为;西晋时期,外戚利用政治婚姻,操纵中官,攫取政治权力;东晋外戚大多都程度不等地参与了政权甚至辅政,对当时的政治产生了重大影响。     

THE ARCHIVE STATE AND THE FEAR OF POLLUTION: FROM THE OPIUM WARS TO FU-MANCHU

This article considers the relationship between the production of a British imperial archive on China and the global politics of empire over the last century and a half. Drawing upon the theoretical work of Bruno Latour, Gayatri Spivak and Thomas Richards,the archive is explored as a coherent set of material practices designed to decode and recode China and other colonized territories. Imagined as an interface between knowledge and the state, the British archive required the establishment of an epistemological network designed to generate knowledge on China. The knowledge so produced was then used to manipulate local scenes and to provide intelligence in ‘the Great Game’, the continuing contest with Russia over domination in Central Asia. Because of its desire for comprehensive knowledge of other peoples and places, the archive also generated its own phantasms, ones which threatened to undermine and destroy empire. This process of self-haunting is explored through the figure of Fu-Manchu, a discernible mutation of epistemological empire, and linked to the cold war which emerged on the Eurasian landmass after 1945.     

美国伦奎斯特法院保守性初探--以联邦主义问题的相关判决为中心

伦奎斯特法院是美国历史上较为保守的联邦最高法院。它在联邦主义问题上的相关判决非常突出地体现了这一特征。不过,由于联邦与州关系中的“双重标准”原则不可逾越,伦奎斯特法院实际上不可能回到传统的“二元联邦主义”状态,只能倡导一种介于“二元联邦主义”与“合作联邦主义”之间的“新联邦主义”。通过复活州主权豁免理论,伦奎斯特法院为州权找到了新的突破口,也更新了联邦主义的含义。     

张玉良：从传记到影视——对《画魂》三个版本的阐释学分析

阐释学关学认为：理解具有历史性，阐释者具有“偏见”，理解的过程是理解者和文本的视域融合，理解活动是一种游戏。一个文本没有确定的真实，只有不断被阐释的历史。反映张玉良传奇人生的艺术作品是否符合历史真实已经不重要了，重要的是这些作品阐释出了各自不同的张玉良。在不同的视野中，在不同的历史语境中，张玉良现身为不同的面貌。当我们凝视这些历史流传物的时候，也获得我们自己独特的理解。     

关于魏晋时期自然观的形成和对中国绘画影响的研究

魏晋南北朝时期是中国历史上一个在政治、经济、文化等领域产生大变革的特殊时期,随着整个社会的重大转折,人的文化意识形态也会随之改变,玄学是当时社会意识形态转变的主要理论之一,它对中国文化中自然观念的形成有着极大的催化作用。同时,也对中国山水画的开端和发展有着重要的影响,这使处在萌芽状态中的中国山水画完全脱离了以前只作为人物画背景的状况。     

我国司法解释存在的问题及对策

本文介绍了司法解释的含义及功能,认为传统的学术观念应与司法实践相结合;归纳了我国最高人民法院所作的司法解释的特点,指出了存在的问题,并提出了改进的建议。     

Book Reviews and Book Notes

The purpose of this article is to empower those interested in teaching students powerful and engaging social studies. Through the lens of Supreme Court simulations, this article provides educators with a viable, classroom-tested lesson plan to bring Problem-Based Learning into their classrooms. The specific aim of the lesson is to provide students with an opportunity to engage in relevant and powerful civics education.