Measuring the extent, depth, and severity of food insecurity: an application to American Indians in the USA

Within the extensive food insecurity literature, little work has been done regarding (a) the depth and severity of food insecurity and (b) the food insecurity of American Indians. This paper addresses both these topics with data from the 2001 to 2004 Core Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. To measure food insecurity, three axiomatically derived measures of food insecurity are used. As expected, given the worse economic conditions facing American Indians, their food insecurity levels are generally higher than non-American Indians. However, the magnitude and significance of these differences differ depending on the choice of food insecurity measure.

尼赫鲁时期(1947-1965)印美关系中的经济因素

尼赫鲁时期,印美经贸关系主要体现为印度“一相情愿”对美国经济援助的单相思;而贫困的印度却无法在经济贸易、投资上吊起美国的胃口。对美国而言,它也乐于利用经济这张王牌,时时处处对印度威逼利诱,企图把印度拉上美国的全球战略之中。通过对印美两个具体国家的案例分析,将有助于理解一国经济的增长对民族国家间政治关系的改善起到了什么样的作用;或者说经济因素对国际政治结构的影响何在;运用经济手段能否达到民族国家间既独立又彼此协调的境界。     

《爱药》的女性主义解读

当代著名印第安女作家路易斯·厄德里克的小说《爱药》对男性人物和女性人物作了二元对立的刻画。男性多无视印第安文化传统,性格暴戾,结果全都成了生活的失败者;而女性人物对待生活的态度更为积极,对印第安传统也更为敬畏。从小说中的四位男性和三位女性人物身上,反映出作者的女性主义创作倾向。     

‘Before they kill my spirit entirely’: insights into the lived experiences of American Indian Alaska Native faculty at research universities

American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN) comprise about 2% of the US population and 0.5% of the faculty in higher education. While scholars have documented the experiences of underrepresented minority (URM) faculty, the perspectives of AIAN faculty at elite universities are largely absent. Although AIAN faculty share many of the same barriers to success as URM colleagues, their unique status as Tribal peoples and their relationship to settler colonialism pose particular challenges and resistance strategies. Findings from a mixed methods study of 25 AIAN faculty at research universities, employing a decolonizing, survivance-oriented framework, examines their lived institutional experiences. The data yielded five themes regarding (1) institutional climate, (2) mentorship, (3) family–work balance, (4) cultural taxation and role stress, and (5) discrimination. The authors conclude that decolonization involves the repatriation of Indigenous epistemologies and Indigenous ‘place’ in the growth of science, research, and knowledge production, creating liberatory spaces within the academy.     

Colonized Silence: Confronting the Colonial Link in Rural Alaska Native Survivors’ Non-Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse

Though there is evidence linking the history of colonialism and oppression of Indigenous people to the high rates of rape and child sexual abuse experienced by this population today, it is less understood how colonial processes, past and present, condition the decision to disclose or report victimization. Drawing on a survivorship storytelling study of rural Alaska Native survivors of child sexual abuse, this paper underscores the importance of centering colonialism in understanding the culture of silence surrounding sexual victimization among Indigenous people. Results show that reasons for non-disclosure are quite embedded within larger social, historical and political themes of colonialism, oppression, and marginalization. Implications for policy and praxes are discussed, as well as a broader mandate of social change to remove barriers to disclosure.     

Understanding cultural singularities of ‘Indianness’ in an intercultural business setting

Analysing data from the Indian information technology (IT) industry, this paper advances an understanding of cultural singularities of ‘Indianness’. The research context of an intercultural meeting place of IT and business process outsourcing firms’ overseas subsidiaries, Belgium in this case, allows the authors to identify 10 cultural singularities that typify ‘Indianness’. This ethnographic, reflexive study is further validated by employing Ghoshal's ‘smell of the place’ metaphor through the authors collective experiences as consultants and researchers, and builds and extends upon the popular cultural dimension frameworks for understanding intercultural business and management. Existing cultural dimensions do not sufficiently describe the contemporary intercultural dynamics that typically take place in workplaces, especially so in offshore and outsourcing environments. A provisional set of parameters for understanding Indian culture, with its relevant impact on business life (customs and manners), business processes and business deliverables are proposed in this study.     

“Still Raped Over Here”: Gay Male Femininity and the Rewards of Camp Ambivalence in Richard Day’s Girls Will Be Girls

ABSTRACT

Girls Will Be Girls (GWBG) delivers a substantive queer-feminist critique of heteronormative animus toward women and gay men through jokes that weaponize that animus for insurgent purposes. The film’s rape and abortion jokes showcase the provocative notion that negative representations of femininity might be wielded strategically and, in fact, more resonantly because they resist recuperation by marginalizing normative hierarchies. GBWG’s enactment of gay male femininity deploys queer dissidence by ameliorating pain through mockery while emphasizing the costs of heteronormative and patriarchal inflictions. This essay offers a test case for a queer feminist politics—one that, without discarding the imperatives for and rewards of more materially grounded political work, mines the critical as well as affective affordances of rage, mockery, and indignity against heteronormativity’s arbitrary but still formidable injunctions. A queer feminist reading of camp denaturalizes heteronormativity with a potency that queer theory and feminist theory might harness yet more effectually in less divided collaboration.     

后殖民主义视角解读《强者的力量》中印第安人众生相

美国文学作品中的印第安人具有一定的模式特征:愚昧、凶残和难以逃脱的厄运。杰克.伦敦在短篇小说《强者的力量》中塑造了形形色色的印第安形象,他们的姓名奇特、相貌丑陋、行为粗野,长期处于落后和边缘化的状态,部落之间的纷争和内部的争斗导致了他们必然灭亡的悲剧命运。印第安人模式化形象的塑造和悲惨的结局是殖民主义话语的重要组成部分,他们的形象符合霸权文化和白人殖民者的双重要求,虚假的印第安形象使殖民主义者的掠夺和杀戮合法化。     

西印度所见舍卫城大神变佛教造像十例

古印度笈多时期普遍流行一种取材于“舍卫城大神变”的佛教造像,描绘佛陀在舍卫城降服外道六师,包括三个主要情节：芒果树奇迹、水火双神变、大神变。造像通常舍弃了叙事性,转而倾向于礼拜性,形成了以佛陀为主尊集结化佛天众的宏大场景,作为程式化的造像遍布于西印度诸石窟。就西印度石窟所见,这类造像有繁简不同的造像图像,但均以“并蒂莲花”、“千佛化现”和“双龙擎莲”为图像特征,并影响了耆那教造像和印度教造像,也是古印度后期密教造像的图式渊源之一。“舍卫城大神变”系列造像对中国佛教美术的影响,尚没有得到充分的重视。     

Methods of, and Reasons for, Emotional Expression and Control in Children with Internalizing, Externalizing, and Somatic Problems in Urban India

Although cross-cultural research concerning children's emotions is growing, few studies have examined emotion dysregulation in culturally diverse populations. This study compared 6- to 8-year-old children's reported methods of expressing and controlling anger, sadness, and physical pain, and their justifications for doing so across four groups in urban India: those with internalizing problems (N = 31), externalizing problems (N = 32), somatic complaints (N = 25), and an asymptomatic control group (N = 32). Results revealed that in comparison to physical pain, Indian children were less likely to report expressing anger and sadness through direct facial/verbal means. Control-group children reported expressing anger and sadness through indirect verbal cues more so than pain, whereas the internalizing and externalizing groups considered their expressions of anger and sadness uncontrollable and reported crying and utilizing aggressive behaviors, respectively, more than the control group. The somatic complaints group considered emotions trivial and reported withdrawing more than the control group.