外语教师实践性知识的表达与管理——外语教育叙事库的构建

外语教师的实践性知识在其专业发展以及外语教育研究中起着至关重要的作用,但因其缄默性和非系统性而难以表达,而普通教育研究领域中的叙事方法恰好以现象学的视角展现了外语教师实践性知识存在的真实丰富的生活世界。但是,当前教育叙事研究的学术价值在我国尚未得到应有的重视,基于此,本文提出外语教育叙事库构建的设想,并初步确立了建库的框架与原则。在这个库中,外语教育叙事将被深度分析、诠释和应用,外语教育叙事研究也将走向规范化、合法化和实用化。最终,此叙事库将在外语教师个人化的实践性知识与普适性的外语教育理论这两极之间架起桥梁。     

地震灾区学校社会工作与教师精神健康服务探析

地震灾害发生后,灾区学校教师除了继续扮演好教书育人和学生管理等常规角色之外,还要做好学生的心理疏导工作,成为学生的心理调节者和心理医生,抚慰学生受伤的心灵和灾害带来的冲击、缓解因地震及一系列次生事件带来的情感的、心理的压力。灾区学校教师肩负着如此重要的任务,那么教师自身因地震灾害而带来的心理冲击和精神压力首先应该得到缓解和释放,然后才能在日常教学和学生管理中扮演好自己的角色。笔者通过研究发现,地震灾后学校教师存在着大量的心理社会方面的需求,存在着巨大的精神压力问题。笔者试图探讨通过学校社会工作服务来减轻教师的精神紧张和心理压力,从而达到提升教师精神健康的目的。     

20世纪90年代初俄罗斯文学中的“苏联”叙事刍议

20世纪90年代初期苏联解体,社会急剧转型,导致了人们的价值观念和思维方式的巨大变化,并深刻地影响了文学的发展进程。这一时期,文学中的“苏联”叙事主要呈现出政治祛魅的特征：褪去神圣光环的十月革命、正义性遭受质疑的卫国战争、被消解的乌托邦神话体制等在文学中得以书写。作家通过这种陌生化的手法诉说历史之痛,解构苏联官方话语的宏大叙事。     

乡土文学本真的平民生存叙事——以余华《活着》《许三观卖血记》为例

余华坚守以人为本体的乡土叙事。本文将以余华的乡土长篇小说《活着》《许三观卖血记》为个案文本,通过平民生存的叙事视角、叙事内容、叙事话语三方面,分析作家余华的乡土文本如何重构了乡土文学本真的平民生存叙事。     

消费文化与1990年以来大学题材小说的叙事成规

1990年代以来的大学题材小说浸染着浓厚的消费文化色彩,并促其生成了一套深层的叙事成规。污名化的同质叙述对大学的指认带有否定性价值。二元对立的惯习叙事模式,主要表现为堕落与守望的对峙。新闻化的叙事使小说充斥着大量新闻信息,小说的想象与虚构因素匮乏。人物塑造类型化、浅显化,缺少新意与深意。     

When it hurts I think: Now the baby dies. Risk perceptions of physical activity during pregnancy

BackgroundA decrease in the level of physical activity from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy seems to be a general problem, despite the obvious health benefits of physical activity. Quantitative studies indicate that pregnant women's fears might explain why they reduce their level of physical activity, but still no qualitative research has investigated the experiences influencing these women.QuestionTo explore healthy women's perceptions of risk associated with physical activity during pregnancy.MethodAn interpretive narrative approach was used to gain insight into pregnant women's personal stories and lived experiences. Five Danish pregnant women aged 26–36 years participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews between September and December 2010. The analysis method was based on two types of narrative inquiry: (1) a narrative analysis to cover the story, and (2) a paradigmatic analysis to cover the themes.FindingsMost of the pregnancy stories highlighted a specific experience, which made the women anxious. These experiences were: previous miscarriages, fertility treatment and shortened cervix. Also bodily challenges and pain scared the women, such as hypertonic pelvic muscles, Braxton Hicks contractions, abdominal pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath. The stories also described the impacts of women's relatives and friends on their perceptions of risk.ConclusionSpecial consideration should be given to pregnant women who have had negative experiences in previous pregnancies and bodily challenges, which make them anxious and discourage them from being physically active. Healthcare professionals could also pay attention to the fact that women's relatives and friends play a major role in women's perceptions of risk.     

“The Story of My Life”: AIDS and ‘Autobiographical Occasions’

Talk and ‘telling’ have assumed prominent roles in preventing HIV and promoting life with the disease at the start of the twenty-first century. Our concern in this paper is to show how social structures and circumstances shape the narrative productions of HIV positive patients whose lives are institutionally managed. We consider what ‘telling’ means when young women with few economic resources are encouraged or mandated to talk about themselves by case managers, researchers, therapists, welfare workers, and clinic staff. We organize our analysis around three such ‘autobiographical occasions’: disclosures to intimate partners prompted by agents of the state; employment opportunities in which women are hired to tell others about living with HIV as peer educators or outreach health workers; and research interviews. We argue that storylines about living with HIV have been laid down by powerful social actors whose illness experiences do not reflect those of many poor patients. These formulations constitute an ‘archive’ which organizes institutional practices and discourses. These matter not only because they provide patients with a language through which to render their actions meaningful, but because they shape the everyday experience of HIV outside the clinic, the welfare office, and the therapy session.

赵炎秋古代叙事思想研究的诗学意义

赵炎秋主编的《中国古代叙事思想研究》第一次全面描述了我国古代叙事思想,其强烈的理论自觉意识、整体观、中西比较视野以及深入社会肌理探究叙事思想的批评路径,具有建构中国叙事学的方法论意义。     

Managerial sensemaking of interaction within business relationships: A cultural perspective

In this study, we take the perspective of the individual manager in order to understand the role of culture in managerial sensemaking on interaction within business relationships. Extant literature has found business-to-business relationships and interaction between managers to be an essential part of conducting business. However, it has mostly ignored the role of culture in the process. This has not accounted for the possibility that managers with different cultural backgrounds may differently make sense about business interactions.     

王安忆:全知视角下的生命本相

20世纪80年代中期,王安忆大多数作品中,由于叙述人还没有成为充分自觉的独立叙述人,因而,也没有建立起统一确切的视点和角度,小说的视角大多呈现断裂错落的状态。＂我＂在引导读者关注这个故事,叙述人＂我＂虽然是第一人称,但＂我＂的叙事却是全知全能的。＂我＂时时侵入＂她＂或＂他＂的内心世界,因此,＂我＂的视角在某种意义上仍是一个全知视角,已经隐伏了王安忆日后叙事方式转变的萌芽。