How experiential education relates to college goals and objectives

Goals and undergraduate education objectives related to experiential learning were identified in college brochures and through interviews with selected college personnel. All college faculty were mailed questionnaires asking the extent of their agreement with the goals and objectives and their opinion as to the learning environment most conducive to achieving these objectives.Lack of faculty agreement with experiential learning goals and faculty unwillingness to endorse off-campus learning experiences conflicted with the published philosophy of the college. A Guttman Scale constructed from faculty responses to goals showed that as the degree of abstraction of each goal increased, so did the degree of faculty agreement.Based on college goals, valid and reliable instruments were developed to determine students' attitudes about field experiences, and to assess performance in field placements. As amounts of fieldwork increased, students' attitudes about self became more positive, performances at field sites showed higher achievement, and understanding of college goal-related concepts increased. Any amount of fieldwork appeared to help focus students' professional goals.     

Taxation and the value of nonmarket time

In this study, the value of nonmarket time is estimated for American families using the opportunity cost approach whereby the market wage is taken as a measure of the value of time and used to impute nonmarket income to each household. In cases where the market wage is not observed, a new estimation technique is used to obtain consistent estimates of the wage. It is shown that the nonmarket income of families increases with family money income and family size, but decreases with age and the number of job holders in the family. The implications for taxation are discussed.     

论美国城市的定居救助之家运动

19世纪末至20世纪初期,面对美国城市社会贫困形势的日益恶化和外国移民贫民区在美国大城市中的涌现,一批出身美国本土白人新教徒中产阶级家庭的青年大学毕业生,志愿深入到城市贫民区开办定居救助之家,开展对穷人的帮教活动,并积极进行社会调查,争取社会进步立法,这就是历史上美国城市的定居救助之家运动。该运动的开展不仅直接帮助了一部分穷人走出贫困生活,尤其是帮助了一部分贫穷儿童的成长,而且揭开了美国进步运动的序幕,推动了社会进步。     

从淑与简·爱的爱情模式来分析平民女子在西方社会中的命运

文章通过对英国维多利亚时期两位作家所塑造的两个女性人物简·爱和淑的爱情观和爱情悲、喜剧式的结局进行的分析,阐明了两位作家不同的立场,评价了在她们身上所体现出来的社会和道德意义上的差别．简·爱是勃朗特塑造的反叛者形象,但她也有恪守传统的一面,她对合法婚姻的追求及其圆满结局恰恰反映了作家对女性命运的梦想;而哈代笔下的淑则是传统道德的彻底叛逆者,也正因为如此,她的命运只能以悲剧结尾,这反映了哈代对资本主义伦理道德的认识。     

乐亡隐情:孔子乐论思想的文学意义

"乐亡隐情"是上博简所见孔子论"乐"的话语,系上博简公布前传世文献所未见内容,是孔子在春秋时代礼崩乐坏的文化背景下,对"乐"之文化功能的重置。"乐亡隐情"的出现,使人们认识到孔子的文艺思想并非"不及情"。孔子"乐亡隐情"为代表的乐论思想,不可避免地生发着文学意义。     

谈《简·爱》中的创伤记忆书写

《简·爱》是一部描述人的内心生活的世界地图和经典文本。这部带有精神自白色彩的小说再现了一个孤女在寄人篱下、饱受精神苦难与折磨的成长过程中的累累伤痕。《简·爱》既是一部关于女主人公的创伤记忆的书写,同时也渗透着夏洛蒂.勃朗特本人对自身创伤经历及情感体验的再现与表白。     

论《一千英亩》中吉妮的创伤与愈合

简·斯迈利的小说《一千英亩》以女性视角勾勒出不同历史时期人物的创伤体验，书写了美国20世纪普通女性创伤的全景图，展现了吉妮从躲避创伤、直面创伤到走出创伤这一艰难的生存与救赎历程，揭示出简·斯迈利在关注女性个人心理创伤的同时，更以细腻的笔触直指造成以吉妮为代表的女性群体创伤的原因，反映了简·斯迈利对女性生存状态的思考和对生态危机的忧虑。