Some subjective bayesian considerations in the selection of models

Some considerations relating to the post-data selection of models are discussed. These include some difficulties with orthodox theory, implementation of the likelihood principle, and Bayesian tests of hypotheses.     

我国和西欧地区机床工业企业管理的抽样比较研究

本文通过抽样数据分析对我国和西欧地区的机床工业企业的生产管理进行评价比较。文中首先应用多集合的数据包络分析(DEA)方法,选用3个投入变量和2个产出变量对之进行相对有效性的综合评价。然后,应用t检验和Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对生产管理的诸方面作显著性差异的检验。指出差距所在,并提出了一些改进管理的参考意见。     

Asymptotically Uniform Tests After Consistent Model Selection in the Linear Regression Model

Abstract

This article specializes the critical value (CV) methods that are based upon (refinements of) Bonferroni bounds, introduced by McCloskey to a problem of inference after consistent model selection in a general linear regression model. The post-selection problem is formulated to mimic common empirical practice and is applicable to both cross-sectional and time series contexts. We provide algorithms for constructing the CVs in this setting and establish uniform asymptotic size results for the resulting tests. The practical implementation of the CVs is illustrated in an empirical application to the effect of classroom size on test scores.     

Almost most powerful tests against composite alternatives

Likelihood ratio considerations are used to derive uniform bounds on the acceptance and rejection regions of the family of locally most powerful randomization tests for a two-sample comparison of censored data, When applied to radioimmunoassay data, these bounds are close enough to permit effective decision making. The methodology extends to a wide class of testing problems.     

Some asymptotic results for the integrated empirical process with applications to statistical tests

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the strong approximation of the integrated empirical process. More precisely, we obtain the exact rate of the approximations by a sequence of weighted Brownian bridges and a weighted Kiefer process. Our arguments are based in part on the Komlós et al. (1975 Komlós, J., Major, P., Tusnády, G. (1975). An approximation of partial sums of independent RV's and the sample DF. I. Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verw. Gebiete 32:111–131.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar])'s results. Applications include the two-sample testing procedures together with the change-point problems. We also consider the strong approximation of the integrated empirical process when the parameters are estimated. Finally, we study the behavior of the self-intersection local time of the partial-sum process representation of the integrated empirical process.     

资源租金核算理论与方法研究

 本文在对自然资源价值核算的不同方法予以归纳的基础上，对这些方法得以实施的共同基础—资源租金的核算问题提出了一些不同的观点。认为在联合国等国际组织所发布的《环境经济综合核算体系》（SEEA2003）所推荐的三种资源租金的核算方法中，其中两种“间接”推算法存在理论缺陷，并从理论与实证两个方面进行了论证。     

Avoiding 'data snooping' in multilevel and mixed effects models

Summary.  Multilevel or mixed effects models are commonly applied to hierarchical data. The level 2 residuals, which are otherwise known as random effects, are often of both substantive and diagnostic interest. Substantively, they are frequently used for institutional comparisons or rankings. Diagnostically, they are used to assess the model assumptions at the group level. Inference on the level 2 residuals, however, typically does not account for 'data snooping', i.e. for the harmful effects of carrying out a multitude of hypothesis tests at the same time. We provide a very general framework that encompasses both of the following inference problems: inference on the 'absolute' level 2 residuals to determine which are significantly different from 0, and inference on any prespecified number of pairwise comparisons. Thus, the user has the choice of testing the comparisons of interest. As our methods are flexible with respect to the estimation method that is invoked, the user may choose the desired estimation method accordingly. We demonstrate the methods with the London education authority data, the wafer data and the National Educational Longitudinal Study data.     

再论亚当·斯密“经济人”假设的价值合理性（下）

斯密的“经济人”假设是建构在“自然秩序”和理性论哲学基础之上的,是斯密“自然秩序”伦理观在经济学中的运用和证明。“经济人”假设是对人的经济行为的一般性、本质性特征的理论抽象。无论是在理论层面还是在现实生活层面,无论是在经济学视野还是在伦理学视野,“经济人”假设都有其价值合理性和局限性。“经济人是理性的”,“经济人”还要受道德、法律的双重约束。     

Income inequality,welfare regimes and aggregate health: Review of reviews

Wide income inequality in a society has been associated with worse aggregate health. Regarding the relationship, often termed as ‘the Wilkinson Hypothesis’, a number of empirical findings and related systematic reviews have reached inconsistent conclusions. In addition, the Scandinavian welfare regime is expected to have better aggregate health indicators in comparison with the other welfare regimes. The expectation is largely based on the Wilkinson Hypothesis because the regime has relatively narrow income inequalities. Again, related empirical findings and systematic reviews have produced inconsistent conclusions. This article reports on two rounds of ‘review of reviews’ (RR) over six previous (systematic) review articles. The first round of RR found that the review articles reached divergent conclusions. The second round of RR over another set of three review articles also demonstrated that their conclusions did not reach a consensus. Neither the hypothesised Scandinavia's good health nor the Wilkinson Hypothesis was given solid empirical backing.