Moral character: What it is and what it does

Moral character can be conceptualized as an individual's disposition to think, feel, and behave in an ethical versus unethical manner, or as the subset of individual differences relevant to morality. This essay provides an organizing framework for understanding moral character and its relationship to ethical and unethical work behaviors. We present a tripartite model for understanding moral character, with the idea that there are motivational, ability, and identity elements. The motivational element is consideration of others – referring to a disposition toward considering the needs and interests of others, and how one's own actions affect other people. The ability element is self-regulation – referring to a disposition toward regulating one's behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences for oneself or others. The identity element is moral identity—referring to a disposition toward valuing morality and wanting to view oneself as a moral person. After unpacking what moral character is, we turn our attention to what moral character does, with a focus on how it influences unethical behavior, situation selection, and situation creation. Our research indicates that the impact of moral character on work outcomes is significant and consequential, with important implications for research and practice in organizational behavior.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Critical Control Points Determination and Uncertainty Analysis to Link FSO and Process Criteria: Application to Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk

Microbiological food safety is an important economic and health issue in the context of globalization and presents food business operators with new challenges in providing safe foods. The hazard analysis and critical control point approach involve identifying the main steps in food processing and the physical and chemical parameters that have an impact on the safety of foods. In the risk‐based approach, as defined in the Codex Alimentarius, controlling these parameters in such a way that the final products meet a food safety objective (FSO), fixed by the competent authorities, is a big challenge and of great interest to the food business operators. Process risk models, issued from the quantitative microbiological risk assessment framework, provide useful tools in this respect. We propose a methodology, called multivariate factor mapping (MFM), for establishing a link between process parameters and compliance with a FSO. For a stochastic and dynamic process risk model of in soft cheese made from pasteurized milk with many uncertain inputs, multivariate sensitivity analysis and MFM are combined to (i) identify the critical control points (CCPs) for throughout the food chain and (ii) compute the critical limits of the most influential process parameters, located at the CCPs, with regard to the specific process implemented in the model. Due to certain forms of interaction among parameters, the results show some new possibilities for the management of microbiological hazards when a FSO is specified.     

RFID‐Enabled Visibility and Retail Inventory Record Inaccuracy: Experiments in the Field

Accurate inventory records are key to effective store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer inventory records are inherently inaccurate. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables visibility into the movement of inventories in the supply chain. Using two different field experiments, the current research investigates the effectiveness of this visibility in reducing retail store inventory record inaccuracy (IRI). Study 1 used an interrupted time‐series design and involved daily physical counts of all products in one category in 13 stores (8 treatments and 5 controls) of a major global retailer over 23 weeks. Results indicate a significant decrease in IRI of approximately 26% due to RFID‐enabled visibility. Using an untreated control group design with pre‐test and post‐test, Study 2 expands the number of categories to five and the number of stores to 62 (31 treatment and 31 control stores). Results show that the effectiveness of RFID in reducing IRI varies by category (ranging from no statistically significant improvement to 81%). Results also suggest that RFID ameliorates the effects of known determinants of IRI and provide the key insight that the technology is most effective for product categories characterized by these determinants.     

工业园可持续发展定量研究--生态承载力方法应用

根据生态承载力递阶原理,分析了工业园区生态承载系统的结构特点,以此为依据改进了传统的生态承载力分析方法,构建了工业园区生态承载力评价指标体系,并对东北某工业园区生态承载力进行了定量分析评价,从生态承载力角度揭示了该工业园区可持续发展面临的主要问题并提出对策建议.通过理论研究和案例分析,得出了系统的开放性是定量研究工业园区可持续发展的关键影响因素的结论.     

拓扑型极大极小不等式、截口定理和抽象经济平衡点的存在性定理

利用[1]中得到的参数型KKM定理首先证明了区间空间上的几个向量值极大极小定理。应用这些结果,得到了几个拓扑型截口定理和另外三种等价形式,最后讨论了抽象经济平衡点的存在性问题。     

Ultrastructural elliptical models

Dolby's (1976) ultrastructural model with no replications is investigated within the class of the elliptical distributions. General asymptotic results are given for the sample covariance matrix S in the presence of incidental parameters. These results are used to study the asymptotic behaviour of some estimators of the slope parameter, unifying and extending existing results in the literature. In particular, under some regularity conditions they are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. For the special case of the structural model, some asymptotic relative efficiencies are also reported which show that generalized least squares and the method of moment estimators can be highly inefficient under nonnormality.     

ERP实施后的企业人员培训

针对基于供应链思想而提出的、对企业资源进行统筹安排的ERP新的管理模式下的企业人员培训问题进行了研究,对企业应该如何进行员工培训以及培训的内容、重点进行了分析,并从培训计划的制定及培训效果的检查两方面提出了确保培训效果应注意的问题。     

20世纪世界货币体系的三大缺陷——兼论21世纪世界货币体系和亚元建立设想

20世纪世界货币体系存在三大制度设计缺陷。核心货币国家收取铸币收益、通货膨胀税和来自外围货币国家的贸易保险费用。新世纪的货币体系应该打破现存的世界货币体系利益分割格局。欧元区域货币制度建成后，挑战美元核心货币地位。亚洲区国家应该建立亚元制度，形成亚元、欧元和美元三大区域货币鼎立共存的21世纪世界货币体系。     

机械工程常用螺旋面的研究

本文对机械工程中常用螺旋面抽象模型化,进而建立了空间一般螺旋面通用矢量方程(2),并利用(2)对机械工程中常用的圆柱螺旋面、圆锥螺旋面、平面螺纹面等逐一进行分析.     

传统文论诠释中的视界融合问题

在中国社会百年的现代化进程中,文学乃至整个文化观念似总难摆脱“荣今虐古”与“荣古虐今”之二元对立,这在中国文论研究中表现为一直没有很好地解决“视界融合”问题。古文论研究主要是对传统经典的诠释活动,其中传统经典的历史视界与现在研究者的理论视界之间必须保持必要的张力,这种必要张力的废弛是导致学术视域封闭化进而产生“荣今虐古”与“荣古虐今”二元对立的重要原因之一,而古与今、中与西等不同文化视野之间不断的良性的深度融合,乃是超越这种二元对立、充分展示人类文学思想丰富性的必要途径,同时也是中国文论走向融会贯通、综合创造进而形成一种开放的理论视界的重要途径。