维稳的逻辑解读:以权利贫困为视角的检讨与反思

当下社会发展带来的诸多不公问题在法理上可以用权利贫困来概括。权利贫困的提法虽有助于认知权利的实际运行状况,但权利贫困的客观解释论,即资源稀缺造成权利贫困,易误导维稳工作,使维稳的逻辑倾向于资源补偿型,既忽视了沟通型维稳,也使维稳陷入越维越不稳的困境。以权利贫困为视角,梳理并分析权利贫困,阐明其与维稳的内在逻辑联系,探讨社会现象背后的权利和权力的运行机制,可以为维稳和社会公平提供有效路径。     

Estimating a covariance function having an un unknown scale kakameter

The structure of a family ρ of measures corresponding to a zero-mean Gaussian process with covariance αR(s,t) is discussed. When R itself is known (R and T completely arbitrary), it is shown that ρ is either homogeneous or composed of singular measures, depending on whether the reproducing kernel Hilbert space H(R,T) is finite- or infinite-dimensional. For the case dim H < ∞ the MLE α is given; when dim H = ∞ an almost sure discriminator is constructed. More generally, it is shown that when R itself depends upon a parameter θ (not necessarily a scalar) and certain broad assumptions are met, one may describe the orthogonal decomposition of P and estimate both a and θ.     

论邓小平的政治稳定观

政治稳定事关改革的社会主义方向、改革的成败、社会主义现代化建设的成败，保持和维护政治稳定意义重大。政治稳定的具体内容是国家政治制度和国家政治权利主体的相对稳定；国家政治生活的稳定；法律、法规的稳定及社会秩序的稳定。     

甲砜霉素注射液的研制及稳定性实验

为了开发甲砜霉素注射液新剂型 ,设计出合理的处方及制备工艺。用紫外分光光度法在2 65nm处测定其含量变化 ,以经典恒温加速法测试该注射液的稳定性 ,并预测其有效期。甲砜霉素注射液的热降解属一级动力学过程 ,在 50℃、70℃、90℃、10 0℃的降解速度常数分别为 5.37×10 - 5、6.88× 10 - 4、1.80× 10 - 3、1.0 3× 10 - 2 ,根据Arrhenius的指数定律k =Ae-E/RT推算出室温 ( 2 5℃ )条件下的速度常数k2 5℃ 为 2 .878× 10 - 6/h ,室温贮存有效期为 4 .18年。该处方及工艺是合理可行的 ,制备的制剂是稳定的     

When an Event Makes a Difference

For (S, Σ) a measurable space, let and be convex, weak^* closed sets of probability measures on Σ. We show that if ∪ satisfies the Lyapunov property , then there exists a set A ∈ Σ such that min_μ1∈ μ₁(A) > max_μ2 ∈ (A). We give applications to Maxmin Expected Utility (MEU) and to the core of a lower probability.     

可能的科斯定理与不可能的科斯主义

“科斯主义”是对“科斯定理”的错误引证。它忽略了被科斯当作分析前提的一个重要事实:利用市场交换制度本身也是一种经济权利。如果“交易权”的界定对市场正常交易具有“新的外部性影响”,那么,“科斯交易”对于社会效率的保证将是不确定的。如果社会成员预见到自己将来无法退出市场制度,那么,在他们之间达成社会契约的前景也是不明朗的。不论“科斯定理”是真理还是谬误,“科斯主义”将社会契约论版本的“科斯定理”用于指导社会构建和经济转轨的做法都隐含着危险。     

Bayesian decision criteria in the presence of noises under quadratic and absolute value loss functions

Summary Misclassifications, or noises, in the sampling stage of a Bayesian scheme can seriously affect the values of decision criteria such as the Bayes Risk and the Expected Value of Sample Information. This problem does not seem to be much addressed in the existing literature. In this article, using an approach based on hypergeometric functions and numerical computation, we study the effects of these noises under the two most important loss functions: the quadratic and the absolute value. A numerical example illustrates these effects in a representative case, using both loss functions, and provides additional insights into the general problem. Research partially supported by NSERC grant A 9249 (Canada) and FICU Grant 2000/pas/13. The authors wish to thank colleagues at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, for very stimulating discussions, and an anonymous referee for drawing their attention to three relevant references that have enriched the content of this final version.     

An Analysis of Stability Sets in pure Coordination Games

We calculate the Lebesgue–measures of the stability sets of Nash-equilibria in pure coordination games. The results allow us to observe that the ordering induced by the Lebesgue–measure of stability sets upon strict Nash-equilibria does not necessarily agree with the ordering induced by risk–dominance. Accordingly, an equilibrium selection theory based on the Lebesgue–measure of stability sets would be necessarily different from one which uses the Nash-property as a point of orientation.     

Long-term Stability of Social Participation

The long-term stability of social participation was investigated in a representative urban population of 415 men and 579 women who had taken part in the nationwide Mini-Finland Health Survey in the years 1978–1980 and were re-examined 20 years later. Stability was assessed by means of the following tracking coefficients: kappa, proportion of stability, Spearman correlation, and stability coefficient (odds ratio) for engagement in clubs and voluntary societies, cultural and sports attendance, congregational activity, outdoor and productive activity, cultural interests, and hobby activity. The tracking results showed fair to moderate stability for the above measures of social participation, varying from the highest weighted kappa (0.43) for congregational activity in women to the lowest weighted kappa (0.22) for cultural and sports attendance in men. Migration from rural to urban community did not affect the stability of social participation. The underlying latent construct ‘social participation’ based on a two-wave multi-variable model showed good stability (r = 0.65). We conclude that social participation rests on a fairly stable foundation making it a useful tool for long-term epidemiological studies.     

“蚁族”毕业生群体对高校稳定的影响与对策

高校稳定与否历来是社会状态的“晴雨表”和“风向标”。随着我国社会城市化、人口结构转变、劳动力市场转型、高等教育体制改革等一系列社会因素的变化，高校毕业生就业形势不容乐观，尤其是“蚁族”毕业生群体问题日益凸显且备受关注，现已演变成为高校稳定所面临的一个重要而又迫切的现实问题。该文在对“蚁族”毕业生群体生存现状实地调研的基础上，进一步探讨该群体对高校稳定的深层次影响，从政府、高校和学生三个层面探索解决问题的主要对策。