Law and Mobility: Ethnographical Accounts of the Regulation of the Segregated Cycle Facilities in Mexico City

Abstract

This paper seeks to explain the operation of and the reactions to the everyday regulation of the segregated cycling facilities in Mexico City. Specifically, through an ethnographic approach, this paper tries to illustrate how social practices, everyday legal interpretations, and police practices intersect so as to reinforce the preeminence of the automobile at the expense of other forms of mobility, such as cycling. This question is essential in the ongoing efforts to develop a more sustainable and inclusive world. Research findings suggest that, in contrast with an isolationist image typified by the recurring figure of the law as a static tool for encouraging a bike-friendly society, urban traffic regulation actually represents a complex aggregate of actors, practices, and institutions which are constantly in motion and in which alternative ways towards a more varied and sustainable world are recursively enforced or resisted.     

Managing Memphis: governance and regulation in sterile spaces of play

Designed for the express purpose of encouraging consumption-intensive capital accumulation, the physical and symbolic reconstitution of select parcels of America's urbanscape into spectacular, multifaceted environments has heralded a new epoch in the material [re]formation of urban America. Yet, on daring to venture behind the corporatist veil of urban regeneration, one is soon confronted with an array of social injustices instantiated through the brutalizing praxis of the neoliberal public/private institutional amalgams that regulate, manage, and govern today's entrepreneurial cityscapes. Our focal points in this paper are the policies and practices of social governance through which both valorized and pathologized urban bodies are made visible, regulated and managed, as they contribute toward materializing the differentiated (and indeed differentiating) new urban landscape. We concentrate our argument on one North American city, Memphis, and specifically the efforts by private and public institutions to regulate and manage the Memphis cityspace, and realize the goal of reinventing the city (both materially and symbolically). Through dissecting the Memphis scenario, we discuss, and expose: the ‘lean and mean’ (Smith, 1998) urban geographies of aggressive place management and marketing; and, the various narratives underpinning the discursive constitution of belonging and difference within the revanchist metropolis.     

FDI、环境规制与中国的碳排放强度 ——基于门槛面板模型的实证

基于我国1999—2016年30个省市自治区的平衡面板数据,构建联立方程模型探究FDI对我国碳排放强度的影响机制和作用方向,并采用门槛面板模型研究FDI对碳排放强度的影响是否具有基于环境规制的门槛效应。结果表明,FDI通过规模效应渠道增加了我国的碳排放强度,但能通过结构效应、技术效应和环境规制效应降低我国的碳排放强度。以环境规制作为门槛变量时,发现FDI对我国区域碳排放强度的影响具有双门槛效应,环境规制程度较低或者过高时,FDI的流入会不利于地区的碳减排;环境规制强度适当时,FDI会对地区的碳减排产生有利影响。在目前的环境规制强度下,FDI的流入降低了我国大部分地区的碳排放强度。     

Emotional labour and emotional exhaustion: Interpersonal and intrapersonal mechanisms

Abstract

In some occupations, particularly in the service sector, dealing with patients or clients may require an employee to pretend to have emotions that they do not really have, or to actually experience required emotions. The regulation of emotion can be either automatic or controlled. This study extends research on the consequences and processes of emotional labour in two ways. First, it examines how the use of different emotion regulation strategies with patients relates to doctors’ emotional exhaustion. Second, it tests two mechanisms that may explain those relationships. A survey of 345 general practitioners (GPs) working in a large urban community in Spain was conducted for the study. Based on Côté's (2005) social interaction model, GP satisfaction with the responses of their patients was tested as a potential interpersonal mediator between their use of automatic, surface, and deep emotion regulation strategies and their emotional exhaustion. Psychological effort was tested as a potential intrapersonal mediator in the same pathway. Regression analysis indicated that emotion regulation was associated with GP emotional exhaustion when it was performed automatically, but that it had a positive and a neutral association when it was performed using surface and deep acting respectively. The mediating role of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors helped explain the differential associations between the GPs’ emotion regulation strategies and their emotional exhaustion.     

Teaching managers to regulate their emotions better: insights from emotional intelligence training and work-based application

Despite the prevalence and significance of regulating emotions in the workplace, there is a major gap in the literature on the training and work-based application of emotion regulation strategies. This study seeks to fill this gap by investigating how emotion regulation strategies are taught to managers on three emotional intelligence training courses, the events associated with their use in the workplace and any constraints. Drawing on qualitative data from participant observations and interviews with managers and trainers, the study identifies the use of eight emotion regulation strategies that are classified as attention deployment, cognitive change and response modulation. Managers use a variety of the strategies at work, sometimes combining and adapting them. These strategies were reportedly used during situations of interpersonal conflict, interpersonal interactions, organizational change, to relieve boredom and cope with work overload. Managers described constraints as dispositional, physical, time, effort, status and unfeasibility/lack of realism of tools.     

GPT模型下法律人工智能的风险与对策研究

ChatGPT是搜索模式的一次颠覆性变革,依托“自然语言处理（NLP）”与“搜索引擎”两大底层技术,GPT模型为法律咨询、类案检索、法律文书撰写的智能化发展创造了广阔空间。同时GPT模型也面临着伦理性风险、准确性风险、法律责任承担风险等方面的质疑。将新一代人工智能技术应用于法律领域,需要通过完善规则体系建设、强化法律专业监管、加强GPT模型的法律专业训练等方法来规范其使用,推动我国新一代法律人工智能的发展。     

The Costs of Environmental Regulation in a Concentrated Industry

The typical cost analysis of an environmental regulation consists of an engineering estimate of the compliance costs. In industries where fixed costs are an important determinant of market structure, this static analysis ignores the dynamic effects of the regulation on entry, investment, and market power. I evaluate the welfare costs of the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act on the U.S. Portland cement industry, accounting for these effects through a dynamic model of oligopoly in the tradition of Ericson and Pakes (1995). Using the two‐step estimator of Bajari, Benkard, and Levin (2007), I recover the entire cost structure of the industry, including the distributions of sunk entry costs and capacity adjustment costs. My primary finding is that the Amendments have significantly increased the sunk cost of entry, leading to a loss of between $810M and $3.2B in product market surplus. A static analysis misses the welfare penalty on consumers, and obtains the wrong sign of the welfare effects on incumbent firms.     

碳排放交易机制中涵盖部门制度的构建

碳排放交易机制是减缓温室气体排放的重要经济手段,其首要环节是确定涵盖部门范围,以及排放实体或设施的纳入门槛。环境效果与经济效率是涵盖部门制度设计的重要价值考量。在理论上,涵盖的部门范围越广泛,纳入的排放单位越多,其环境效果和经济规模效应越显著。但在实践中,一些产业部门根据经济可行性分析、技术因素的考虑以及减排激励的差异,会有其他更加合适的减排选项。     

基本养老保险个人账户基金投资的法律关系架构及监管

本文针对基本养老保险个人账户基金投资问题,从法律角度论证了基金投资的正当性,并根据我国国情设计了基金投资的法律关系架构和监管的目标体系、原则和具体制度,以期排除个人账户基金投资的法律障碍,对立法提供借鉴。     

比特币的现实风险及中国的法律规制研究

诞生于2009年的数字货币---比特币,凭借其不同于传统电子货币以及虚拟货币的点对点交易特性,迅速风靡全球,成为人们口中最为自由的“货币”名词。比特币的一系列独特属性,不仅吸引了大批炒家的目光,而且隐藏着洗钱犯罪的危险,其高度不稳定的价格对金融市场的威胁,使各国政府对比特币的法律地位也多持保守态度。虽然比特币及其衍生币种的未来充满未知性,但可以肯定的是这种数字货币形式难以在数年内消失,与其否定其合法地位,或者放任它的发展,政府更应该做的是用法律的框架有效地监控其可能的风险,保障比特币用户的合法利益。