Researching community,work and family with an interpreter

Community, work and family have been studied as practice and experience on an international scale. This work has included research with ethnic minority groups, usually practised by 'insiders' who share their participants' ethnicity, culture and first language. Many of these people live and work in extended family networks, part of a relatively small community embedded within a larger one. Generally, researchers do not have the language skills necessary to communicate with a linguistically diverse population. However, there has been a call to give a voice to, and hence empower, minority groups through the research process. It is in this context that a consideration of the use of interpreters in research on community, work and family can be made. Within this paper we present exploratory suggestions, drawn from our own research, for the appropriate use of an interpreter. This includes a discussion of the practical considerations and implications involved in this research activity, as well as more conceptual issues. Finally, the ways in which this research activity should be documented to reflect concerns in current qualitative methodological debates are considered. La communauté, le travail et la famille sont des sujets qui ont été étudiés, tant au niveau de la pratique que de l'expérience, à l'échelon international. Cette étude a envelopéune recherche parmi les groupes éthniques en minorité, dans l'ensemble vécue par des gens qui connaissent les choses de l'intérieur et qui partagent l'identité éthnique, la culture et la langue maternelle. Nombreux, parmi eux, sont des gens qui vivent et travaillent dans le cadre de familles étendues et font partie d'une petite communauté au sein d'une communaute plus grande. Dans l'ensemble, les chercheurs n'ont pas les competences linguistiques nécessaires pour communiquer avec une population de langues diverses. Cependant, il s'est avéré qu'il est plus que nécessaire de donner la parole et, de là, donner le pouvoir, aux groupes minoritaires au travers de la procedure du travail de recherche. C'est dans ce contexte que la considération de l'utilité de faire appel à des interprètes dans le domaine de la recherche qui embrasse la communauté, le travail et la famille, peut etre faite. Dans ce papier, nous soumettons des suggestions exploratoires, tirées de notre propre recherche, pour l'utilisation appropriée d'un interprete. Cela inclue une discussion sur les considerations pratiques et les implications contenues dans l'activite de cette recherche, y compris des activités conceptuelles. Pour finir, nous considérons la manière dans laquelle cette recherche devrait être documentée afin de refléter les débats méthodologiques qualitatifs en cours.     

On the mode of administering a questionnaire and responses to open-ended items

Concurrently administered personal and telephone surveys are compared to measure differences between the modes for identical questions. Speed of questioning is found to be greater in telephone interviews than personal interviews. The faster pace of telephone interviews is linked to shorter answers to open-ended items on the telephone. The tendency to reduce such responses is disproportionately exhibited by younger, affluent respondents who tend to provide detailed responses in personal interviews.     

Implementing Rigorous Survey Methodology within Contexts of Social Work Education,Training and Practice: A Case Study in Substance Use

With the integration of evidence-based practice central to all areas of social work education and training across the globe, it is crucial that we continue to engage with the methodological challenges inherent in gathering this evidence, particularly when it is related to the nature of social work education itself. As a result, this paper addresses some of the methodological challenges involved in examining the education available to social workers on engaging with substance use, both within the social work academy and local authorities in England. Drawing on experiences of implementing large scale online surveys from three substantial research projects completed by the authors, this paper highlights four methodological themes: (1) Constructing a representative sampling frame; (2) Identifying participants within organisations with many departments; (3) Response rates; and (4) Questionnaire design. While these are familiar methodological considerations, this article draws attention to the specific complexities of gathering ‘representative’ knowledge to inform educational strategies on substance use within social work education and employment contexts. Finally this paper offers lessons learned and guidance for social work academics, students and practitioners who are minded to build, or draw from, an evidence-base using representative samples from and within these environments.     

农村土地股份合作制基本理论研究述评

在相关资料的基础上,对土地股份合作制的涵义与特征、土地股份合作制产生的背景、土地股份合作制的创新与实施条件、土地股份合作制的主要形式与基本模式等问题的研究加以整理,分析这些研究的特点与不足,提出研究的方向与重点.     

酒店管理专业“订单式”培养模式研究——新建地方本科院校培养模式改革探索之一

新建的地方本科院校在激烈的市场竞争中怎样站稳脚跟,找到自己合适的生存和发展空间,是目前的当务之急。而良好的教学培养模式是其生存的基础,必须进行培养模式的改革和创新。"订单式"培养模式的建立是适合新建本科院校,尤其是这些院校的一些新建应用型专业的特点,对其进行研究和实施具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Some indications for professional development in social work: a study of theoretical interest and attitudes towards research among Icelandic social workers

This study among Icelandic social workers generally showed positive attitudes towards research activity in the field. Most respondents, whereof half were practice teachers, saw the practicum as an important tool for the integration of theoretical application and research activity to practice. Almost all saw research activity as a feasible way to empower social work as a profession. Simultaneously, a relatively small percentage report their own research activity. Besides this discrepancy some interesting differences were found according to number of years after graduation, field employment and experience as practice teachers. It is argued that the theme in focus is a critical indication of professional development and highly relevant for the educational discourse as for future professional development.     

流动人口计划生育管理若干问题探讨

本文分析了目前流动人口计划生育管理现状及存在的问题，并对如何加强完善该项管理提出了对策和建议     

高校学生评估课堂教学工作的探索与实践

教育质量是高等教育的生命线。教育质量的提高，必然涉及教师课堂教学效果的提高。组织学生评估课堂教学，既可作为研究和改进教师课堂教学的依据，也可以调动学生主动配合教学活动，促进教与学优势积累；培养和造就优良的教师阵容都具有重要作用；也是检查、衡量和评估教师课堂教学的好方法     

文学研究的时代课题——生态文学

生态文学是西方人文主义者通过对现代工业和科学技术的反思、质疑及对经济全球化过程中环境污染和人类生存状况的忧思而展开的课题。它在文艺学领域引起强烈的反响，并迅速发展为一门显学。拟以建设社会主义生态文明为背景，探讨生态文学的研究价值，呼吁文学研究对生态文学的高度关注。     

先秦时期我国水井文化初探

水井的出现,是文明社会的一种表现和重要特征,与水井相关的文化观念也渗透到原始先民的物质生活与精神生活的诸方面,从而产生了许多与水井遗迹有关的无形的文化现象。以先秦水井为考察对象,初步研究先秦时期我国水井文化现象,以期拓宽中国古代文化史的研究领域。