非政府组织与近代社会习俗的改良——以天津青年会为例

近代以降,欧风美雨东渐,近代西方文明引入中国。同时,中国社会存在着大量需要改良的陋习。近代非政府组织在引入近代西方文明的同时,也在为社会习俗改良大声呐喊。本文以天津青年会为个案,以非政府组织改良社会习俗的手段为中心,对其改良社会习俗的方式和领域等进行探讨,进而指出,近代非政府组织对社会习俗改良的影响和作用不可低估。     

养老机构伤害事故对策研究

频繁发生的养老机构伤害事故,已引起全社会的高度关注。本文在阐述养老机构伤害事故的含义和特点的基础上,结合我国养老服务现状提出了加快养老服务立法、建立赔偿社会化机制、加强养老行业监管、强化伤害事故预防、建立事故处理良性机制等对策措施,以期最大程度地减少和避免养老机构伤害事故的发生,确保我国养老事业的健康发展。     

社会资本理论视阈下的社会稳定问题研究

转型期的中国正处于矛盾多发期,对稳定社会秩序的追求已成为人们最大的利益。社会资本所蕴涵的诚信、规范有序和公民密集的参与网络,直接影响着社会稳定与和谐。当前,我国社会资本还存在着严重缺失和不均衡现象,制约着社会的良性运行和协调发展,对我国社会稳定的维护产生了极大地影响。因此,培育社会资本应当成为维护、增进社会稳定的一个重要视角。     

Organization as a theatre of performance

In this paper we introduce Bergson's philosophy of "action, process and movement" and its relevance for social science and the study of organizational culture. Bergson's philosophy of change argues against the spatialisation of thought in which phenomena are broken down into discrete components to be numbered, sequenced and manipulated: rather he argues for a view of time as qualitative; intuition as situated within experience rather than about it; the importance of the body in social experience and the importance of morality and religion in social life - in short and embodied conception of culture. Bergson's culture is socialised time actualised in experienced duration or durée - culture is always in motion, and does not need culture clash to drive change, but cultural expression and formulations are not, which runs counter to functionalist and psychoanalytic views of culture. Creativity, or the élan vital , is the human impulse to organise, but to improvise rather than to locate, divide and control. Culture grounded in experienced time and driven by the élan vital is in ceaseless motion - it is duration because its is en-dured as a multiplicity rather than as a unity. Where heroic leaders in treatments of organizational culture invite us the change our place in the world, in Bergson's thought they invite us to change out time - our qualitative experience of duration. We examine these arguments through a review of Bergson's work, concluding that Bergson's resonates with postmodern approaches to culture which shift our attention from signification to implication.     

History,Culture and Organization Studies

Research by Barley, Meyer and Gash (1988) showed that the publication of Peters and Waterman's In Search of Excellence (1982) coincided with culture becoming a popular and acceptable topic for organization theorists. This helped establish the dominance of a conception of culture that proffered an instrumental view of the relation between managerial practice and management knowledge, Barley, Meyer and Gash (1988) suggested. They saw this as a relatively recent occurrence. While we do not deny the possibility of the instrumental relation as depicted in Barley, Meyer and Gash (1988), we do not concur with their judgement that the study of culture is a relatively novel interruption of previously more academic concerns. On the contrary, we suggest that, while the relationship between practice and knowledge is borne out by a genealogical analysis of culture, the time period for such analysis should be drawn both more widely and more deeply to be an adequate test of Barley, Meyer and Gash's (1988) hypotheses. We argue that the relationship postulated in the hypothesis supported by their research - that academic research on culture has increasingly been prejudiced by instrumental concerns that developed in the lead up to, and in the wake of, the 'excellence' studies - defies social science traditions. We show this by enlarging the canvass of culture. The purposeful use of organizational culture as a management tool returns culture to those origins revealed by genealogical analysis that uncovers its etymology and sociology.     

In Memoriam

This article discusses the origin of social work education in Africa as an export of colonial powers. Social work or social work education has not been the product of a progressive social metamorphosis but rather that of foreign methodologies imposed on African societies. Consequently, the essence of social work education lacks relevance in terms of its philosophical, value and ideological base. Thus students who graduate from such a system of education tend to remain, to some extent, unfamiliar with indigenous knowledge systems and lack adequate knowledge in working with the people. The paper further argues that, while the origin of social work education is well known, its future direction, development and focus on the continent remain unknown, at worst haphazard, ad hoc and undirected with serious implications for the mission and vision of the profession. Social work in Africa has been without a platform to foster discourse on its nature, character and direction. Transformation of social work education from being Euro-centric to being Afro-centric has to be spearheaded by an organization that can provide a forum for dialogue, leadership and a contextual framework. The article therefore examines the need for such a forum and briefly discusses past efforts in this direction in an attempt to provide a direction for transformation.     

民办养老机构的社会资本及资源获取——基于南京市的个案分析

利用对南京市36家民办养老机构进行的半结构式问卷调查所得资料,描述了民办养老机构通过横向联系、纵向联系和社会联系摄取组织资源的过程,指出社会关系资源是养老机构发展的关键性资源,通过社会资本投资,可以缓解或解决其所面临的主要困境。     

拒绝职场边缘化:模型与检验

初入职场,大学生员工希望被组织接纳而不是被边缘化。本文试图建模表现在如同"政治舞台"的职场中员工努力避免被边缘化的过程。为达到以上研究目标,执行了两项研究:预研究在国务院11个部委机关的公务员群体中收集数据,开发了职场边缘化的测量工具;主研究对16家制造型企业中的343个员工、662个同事及343个直接领导的配对数据进行实证分析,发现员工工作绩效、公民行为以及与上司的私人关系(Guanxi)与职场边缘化之间呈负向关联。相对而言,在政治氛围淡漠的企业中,上司关系与职场边缘化之间的负向关联更强。     

论人口的组织结构

本文认为组织是现代社会的一个重要人口特征,可以分别从组织类型、组织规模、组织密度等方面对人口组织结构进行探讨;研究人口组织结构有助于增强人口学的学术和应用价值.对基本单位普查和经济普查资料的初步分析表明,广州就业人口的组织结构正处于一个由传统的行政为主型向企业为主型的转变过程中.     

托育师资职业身份的边界划定与角色丛构建——基于组织边界理论

托育师资是支持婴幼儿身心发展的重要引导者,是高质量托育服务水平的关键,其质量的提升能够满足我国不断扩大的 托育照护服务需求。基于组织边界理论,能够从物理、社会和心理层面明确托育师资职业身份的边界及其作用,同时在边界属 性作用的发挥下构建出托育师资应具备的六种职业角色：分别是基于组织规制的制度遵守者和托育发展者、基于服务环境的 照护培育者和支持指导者、基于心理认知的职业契合者和认知调节者。鉴于此,为保障托育师资对职业角色的理解和能力具 备,从确定师资准入标准、完善师资培养体系、支持师资职业认知三方面完善托育师资职业发展体系,确保托育师资职业身份 确立和角色丛构建。