德日动产让与担保制度构建比较研究及借鉴

德国日本的让与担保制度都是为了充分发挥物的经济功能,适应经济需要.德国在构建让与担保制度时,既重视物、权利的"经济所有权"的实质,同时毫不忽略"法律所有权"在制度中的权利制衡价值,使让与担保制度在法律的框架下得到合乎法理逻辑的充分调整,发挥了良好的制度价值,实现了法的安定性与合目的性.日本则在让与制度构建中出现了从所有权构成到担保权构成的转变,这一转变也是从唯法律性到唯经济性变化的过程,呈现出极端化的特点,在追求合目的性的过程中违反了法安定性的要求,对习惯法在形成和持续发展的破坏性不容忽视.两国的制度发展为我国的让与担保制度构建提供了良好的借鉴作用.     

The disenchantment of Bitcoin: unveiling the myth of a digital currency

Bitcoin and its peculiar, decentralized transaction system, have already ignited interest by professional and retail traders in search for profits and by economists and legal experts, looking for possible regulation to contain illegal uses. We instead examine the unexpected and ongoing success of Bitcoin from a sociological perspective, first questioning its unusual legitimation system, backed by the so called ‘blockchain technology’, instead of by governmental authorities. Then we collect data and elements to reconstruct Bitcoin’s history as a cryptocurrency, starting from the mysterious story surrounding its birth. We then follow its spread and development through social networks and words of mouth, together with its sudden booms and bursts, finally to suggest that both users and institutional regulators should be aware of the risks of Bitcoin and of its alleged power to challenge our very notion of money.     

‘What Was I Thinking?!’ Rhetorical Questions as a Technique to Identify and Explore Impasses in Therapy

Rhetorical questions emerging spontaneously in consultations can be used as a tool for developing self‐reflexivity and exploring the therapeutic alliance in the process of therapy with couples and families. This paper presents a technique based on the enunciation of rhetorical questions, which can point to an impasse in the process of therapy and contain a key to its resolution. The technique focuses on the distinctive feature of rhetorical questions as convening a paradoxical injunction: a question not intended as a question, while uttered as such. The technique in four steps is illustrated by examples from therapy, supervision, consultation, and self‐supervision. Its focus is the interlink between the therapeutic relationship and the process of therapy and it is informed by a second‐order cybernetics approach, dialogical practice, and the systemic literature on emotion. The technique can help develop curiosity in working with families, lead to unforeseen developments, and touch on prejudices not made explicit in previous therapeutic encounters. Whether we are acting as supervisors, therapists, or clients, the creation of a ‘secure enough’ context for rhetorical questions becomes critical to allow freeform exploration.     

优化北京高校外国留学生教育的问题及对策

美国、日本等发达国家将外国留学生作为本国经济发展人才储备的经验,为我国制定留学生工作的相关政策提供了借鉴。北京高校留学生教育在带来直接经济收益的同时,也为经济社会的发展提供了高素质的国际化人力资源。应建立与北京国际地位相适应的留学生工作体系,多方面提升留学生的教育层次,吸收和利用国外智力为北京的经济建设服务,推进留学生工作长期可持续发展。     

试论日本的政党监督

二战之后,日本按照西方民主制度的模式,确定了民主国家体制,实行多党制度。然而自1955年起,自民党长期居于执政地位,一党居优制一直成为日本主要的政党格局。2009年新民主党一跃而成为执政党,自民党一党长期执政格局改变,日本政坛进入民主党和自民党两大政党相互制衡、彼此竞争时代。日本式的政党政治生态,使日本的政党监督也显现出自身的面貌与特点。     

连珠纹与哈日赛沟吐谷浑古墓发掘

文章对青海省都兰县香加乡哈日赛沟墓葬中的连珠纹做了介绍和分析,认为其乃各种文化融合之产物。     

试论近代宁夏的羊皮毛贸易

近代宁夏羊皮毛贸易兴旺,且独具特色。其发展大致历经民间生活所需的物物交换,洋行垄断贸易,到地方商栈掌控,最后发展到官商联盟的购销与加工、地方政府倡办的购产销一体化等几个发展阶段。外商洋行在宁夏,恣意掠夺当地羊皮毛工业原料,在一定程度上促发了宁夏近代工商业的萌芽,有利于汉、回、蒙古等族的相互交往和了解。     

论清末立宪从官制改革入手之误

晚清政府欲从改革官制入手推动立宪,结果官制改革遭遇了来自官僚群体的强大阻力,在最高统治者慈禧立场转变之后,官制改革无可避免地走向龙头蛇尾的结局.虽有改变,但根本未动,效果有限,非但不能廓清积弊,反使积弊愈积愈多,愈演愈烈.龙头蛇尾的官制改革重挫晚清政府的统治威信,使其立宪之路更加艰难,自救的机会更为渺茫.清末立宪首先应做的不是改革官制,而是开议院,扩大政治参与,增强改革的力量.立宪从官制入手,无议院为助力,官制难改,立宪难行;立宪从开议院入手,先有议院,则官制可改,立宪可行.     

Creative Solutions and Development for Social Workers Treating People with Serious Mental Illness - Contributions from Supervision

Social workers who are engaged in a therapeutic work with clients who have serious mental illness often face specific challenges and find themselves in crisis states in therapy, which stem from the return of the clients’ symptoms and their cognitive impairments as well as social stigma. These crisis states cause dramatic changes in the way social workers mentalize their clients and they are propelled to draw from covert, unformulated, and dissociated knowledge that they have about the client’s experience, which contributes to achieving new, surprising, and creative ways to mentalize the client. Such crisis resolutions enhance therapists’ personal and professional development and serve as an identification model for their clients.     

On the improvement of one-sided S control charts

The most common charting procedure used for monitoring the variance of the distribution of a quality characteristic is the S control chart. As a Shewhart-type control chart, it is relatively insensitive in the quick detection of small and moderate shifts in process variance. The performance of the S chart can be improved by supplementing it with runs rules or by varying the sample size and the sampling interval. In this work, we introduce and study one-sided adaptive S control charts, supplemented or not with one powerful runs rule, for detecting increases or decreases in process variation. The properties of the proposed control schemes are obtained by using a Markov chain approach. Furthermore, a practical guidance for the choice of the most suitable control scheme is also provided.