Open about organizational failure: A communication perspective on postmortem impression management

Being open about failure as an entrepreneur is an increasingly common practice in and beyond startup communities, for example by proactively and strategically crafting public statements to frame subsequent failure conversations. Combining an impression management perspective with an analysis of communicative genres of failure narratives, we empirically investigate postmortem statements of failed entrepreneurs. Shifting the discourse from the (content of the) failure narratives towards considering its broader communicative context, we show how genres emerge from patterns of failure narratives and impression management strategies. Our analysis suggests that subgenres of postmortem statements represent different forms of openness about failure, and some subgenres in particular contribute to establishing an ‘organizational afterlife’ as a potentially long-lasting impression management strategy.     

内部控制信息披露与市场反应研究——来自中国沪市上市公司的经验证据

本文以2006-2009年沪市A股上市公司为研究对象,实证考察了内部控制信息披露的市场反应。研究发现,从总体上看,我国上市公司内部控制信息披露具有明显的市场反应,但从不同侧面看,内部控制信息披露的市场反应存在显著差异:从披露内容看,内部控制有效引起股票价格上涨,而内部控制缺陷则引起股票价格下跌;从披露类型看,强制性披露较自愿性披露更具有价值相关性;从披露详略看,详细披露会引起股票价格上涨,而简单披露则不一定。此外,与单独的强制性披露或自愿性披露的市场反应相比,内部控制强制性披露和自愿性披露交互影响的市场反应更加显著。据此本文认为,在进一步加强强制性披露的日常监管的同时完善自愿性披露的激励政策,是当前规范我国上市公司内部控制信息披露行为和提高内部控制信息披露质量的关键。     

Reliability Studies of the Log-Exponential Inverse Gaussian Distribution

In this article, we investigate the monotonicity of the density, failure rate, and mean residual life functions of the log-exponential inverse Gaussian distribution. It turns out that, in this case, the monotonicity of the density, failure rate, and mean residual life functions take different forms depending on the range of the parameters. Maximum likelihood estimators of the critical points of the density, failure rate, and mean residual life functions of the model are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. An example of a published data set is used to illustrate the estimation of the critical points.     

Ordering Properties of Systems with Two Dependent Components

The study of systems with dependent components from a reliability point of view is a very important topic. However, the majority of the articles study the case of independent components. In this article, we study how the dependency influences the performance of the system. We extend some comparison results obtained in the case of independent components to the case of two dependent components. We show that the more diverse the exponential parameters of the two components, the stronger (weaker) the parallel (series) system in the stochastic ordering. We apply our general results to some common bivariate models in the reliability theory.     

Generalized linear failure rate power series distribution

Abstract

In this article, we introduce a new class of lifetime distributions. This new class includes several previously known distributions such as those of Chahkandi and Ganjali (2009 Chahkandi, M., Ganjali, M. (2009). On some lifetime distributions with decreasing failure rate. Computat. Statist. Data Anal. 53:4433–4440.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Mahmoudi and Jafari (2012 Mahmoudi, E., Jafari, A.A. (2012). Generalized exponential power series distributions. Comput. Statist. Data Anal. 56(12):4047–4066.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and Nadarajah et al. (2012 Nadarajah, S., Shahsanaei, F., Rezaei, S. (2012). A new four-parameter lifetime distribution. J. Statist. Computat. Simul.. ifirst, 1–16. [Google Scholar]). This new class of four-parameter distributions allows for flexible failure rate behavior. Indeed, the failure rate function here can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub-shaped or upside-down bathtub-shaped. Several distributional properties of the new class including moments, quantiles and order statistics are studied. An EM algorithm for computing the estimates of the parameters involved is proposed and some maximum entropy characterizations are discussed. Finally, to show the flexibility and potential of the new class of distributions, applications to two real data sets are provided.     

Bayesian Portfolio Selection: An Empirical Analysis of the S&P 500 Index 1970–1996

In this article we present a technique for implementing large-scale optimal portfolio selection. We use high-frequency daily data to capture valuable statistical information in asset returns. We describe several statistical issues involved in quantitative approaches to portfolio selection. Our methodology applies to large-scale portfolio-selection problems in which the number of possible holdings is large relative to the estimation period provided by historical data. We illustrate our approach on an equity database that consists of stocks from the Standard and Poor's index, and we compare our portfolios to this benchmark index. Our methodology differs from the usual quadratic programming approach to portfolio selection in three ways: (1) We employ informative priors on the expected returns and variance-covariance matrices, (2) we use daily data for estimation purposes, with upper and lower holding limits for individual securities, and (3) we use a dynamic asset-allocation approach that is based on reestimating and then rebalancing the portfolio weights on a prespecified time window. The key inputs to the optimization process are the predictive distributions of expected returns and the predictive variance-covariance matrix. We describe the statistical issues involved in modeling these inputs for high-dimensional portfolio problems in which our data frequency is daily. In our application, we find that our optimal portfolio outperforms the underlying benchmark.     

中国经济发展模式的内涵与比较优势

中国经济发展模式的内涵表现在其主导思想、经济结构与经济机制三大要素及其之间的关系上,与一般的市场经济有联系,但也有显著区别。这也决定了中国特色社会主义市场经济是中国经济发展模式的现实内容,凸显了中国经济发展模式的动态发展性;中国经济发展模式在坚持自己主导思想的前提下确立自己的发展目标,在具体的经济实践中创新与完善自身,在发展潜力、国际竞争力及担当国际责任上形成比较优势。     

税收与经济增长的关系研究--基于结构性减税的视角

面对2008年全球金融危机,我国于2009年将结构性减税作为应对金融危机的重要途径和手段,而这种结构性减税对经济增长的影响还存在着争论。文章利用1978-2010年的数据,通过时间序列的协整、误差修正模型及脉冲响应技术方法,对税收规模及结构对经济增长的影响进行了实证检验。结果表明,在短期,税收规模增加不利于经济增长;但从长期来看,所得税、流转税及税收总规模的增长都有助于促进经济增长。     

The Economic Integration of Ukrainian and Vietnamese Migrant Women in the Polish Labour Market

Through an analysis of Ukrainian and Vietnamese migrant women in Poland, we study the extent to which their economic integration is influenced by the legal framework—for example, the visa regime—and migrants' possession of, or access to, different forms of capital. The article is based on interviews conducted between 2005 and 2008 with female migrant workers from Ukraine and Vietnam. The women faced administrative obstacles in accessing the formal labour market; their overall initial poor financial status and family situation pressured them to accept work in the informal labour market. Another barrier was the limited ability to convert their cultural capital into economic capital. To overcome these barriers, the women adopted two distinct strategies of economic integration. The Ukrainian women used networks built on strong ties from country of origin and on weak ties in Poland, while the Vietnamese women used strong ties within their own ethnic niche.     

Gendered Mobilities and Work in Europe: An Introduction

Gendered Mobilities and Work in Europe is an interdisciplinary collection of papers that, together, analyse the gendered aspects of migration and the labour market in Europe. The empirical research presented in this special issue of JEMS incorporates labour market sectors designated as both high- and low-skilled and points to shifting gendered employment opportunities and working conditions for contemporary labour migrants. The papers demonstrate how both national and regional policy frameworks intersect with specific employment sectors and different typologies of migration to produce varied outcomes for male and female labour migrants even when employed in the same sector.