De minimis and equity in risk

Indices and orderings are developed for evaluating alternative strategies in the management of risk. They reflect the goals of reducing individual and collective risks, of increasing equity, and of assigning priority to the reduction and to the equity of high risks. Individual risk is defined as the (random or non-random) level of exposure to a danger. In particular the role of a lower negligibility level is investigated. A class of indices is proposed which involves two parameters, a negligibility level and a parameter of inequality aversion, and several interpretations of the indices are discussed. We provide a set of eight axioms which are necessary and sufficient for this class of indices, and we present an approach to deal with partial information on the parameters.     

A fast splitting procedure for classification trees

This paper provides a faster method to find the best split at each node when using the CART methodology. The predictability index is proposed as a splitting rule for growing the same classification tree as CART does when using the Gini index of heterogeneity as an impurity measure. A theorem is introduced to show a new property of the index : the for a given predictor has a value not lower than the for any split generated by the predictor. This property is used to make a substantial saving in the time required to generate a classification tree. Three simulation studies are presented in order to show the computational gain in terms of both the number of splits analysed at each node and the CPU time. The proposed splitting algorithm can prove computational efficiency in real data sets as shown in an example.     

The validity of indices for rural health manpower needs assessment

Population-to-practitioner ratios have long been the primary index in the designation of health manpower shortage areas. This paper documents that application of the widely used population-to-dentist index results in understatement of the need for dental health manpower in rural areas. Through the analysis of utilization data collected from a statewide health screening program in Colorado, the practice of sole reliance on the population-to-dentist indices as an indicator of need was tested. Another measure, the area-(square miles) to-dentist ratio was formulated, examined, and found to be a more useful referent of the need for additional health manpower in rural areas. Utilization of dental services in sparsely settled rural counties of Colorado was unrelated to population-to-dentist ratios. A strong, statistically significant association of utilization with land area-to-dentist ratios was found. The findings of this analysis suggest a need for reevaluation of needs assessment methodologies used in the designation of health manpower shortage areas. Indices more sensitive to consumer circumstance than to the number of health care providers available must be considered.     

品牌资产及其测量中的概念解析

品牌资产(品牌权益)是近年来营销领域中研究的热点问题,然而对于其基本概念的曲解却阻碍了对这个重要问题的进一步研究。本文针对品牌资产涉及的几个概念(品牌资产、品牌权益、品牌价值)及其相互关系加以解释,并将主要的品牌资产的测量方法进行分类,目的是澄清人们对于品牌资产基本概念的模糊认识,为进一步深入研究指明方向。     

Early experiences of mentoring: Design and use of multimedia materials for teaching OR/MS

The MENTOR project, based at the University of Strathclyde, is producing multimedia computer based learning materials with the aim of improving both the effectiveness and the efficiency of teaching Operational Research/Management Science in higher education. The process of development has been carefully designed to encourage ownership of and commitment to the materials amongst lecturing staff in Universities, with the aim of ensuring widespread use. The paper outlines this process of development and design of materials. Experiences in introducing students to the use of these materials as an integrated part of a Management Science class are reported. Feedback from students has been very positive but also indicates the need for ongoing support and direction.     

一种基于闭排队网络的集装箱码头设备配置优化模型

将集装箱码头龙门吊装卸工艺抽象为闭排队网络模型,采用估算均值法计算了顾客到达和服务时间分布为一般情况的闭排队网络系统性能指标.仿真结果表明,闭排队网络模型计算结果可以为集装箱码头设备配置提供一定的决策支持.     

高宽课程一日常规本土化的“症状”分析

高宽课程一日常规是幼儿一天活动的顺序,因其支持幼儿的主动性发展顺应了各国教育改革的潮流而备受推崇。但其本土化在教育实践中出现了教师没能领悟到高宽课程理念的精髓、在实践中过于注重形式、本土化探索的积极性不高等方面的“症状”。本文从文化、园长、教师和家长四个方面对上述“症状”进行了“病源”分析。最后提出在移植高宽课程一日常规时应充分考虑到文化差异、强化对高宽课程的深入研究、加强师资培训,搭建师资培训平台、重视园长培训,提供宽松的教育环境、加强家园合作,获得家长支持等五条建议,以求“对症治疗”,使高宽课程一日常规为中国学前教育事业发展提供有益的借鉴。     

刘湛恩研究综述

刘湛恩（1895—1938）,是我国近代著名爱国教育家、沪江大学首任华人校长。自1938年以来,学界陆续开展对刘湛恩思想与活动的研究。大体来说,学界的研究主要围绕以下几个方面进行：对刘湛恩爱国活动进行概括并歌颂其爱国主义精神;对刘湛恩的教育思想与实践活动进行分析;对刘湛恩与沪江大学的关系进行探讨。有关刘湛恩的研究成果不断丰富和深入,但仍存在一定的研究空间。     

Openness in adoption: Challenging the narrative of historical progress

One significant change in adoption practice that has occurred over the last four decades is the shift away from an expectation of confidentiality towards an expectation of openness in adoption. Openness is typically conceived in terms of the level of contact between adoptive and birth families following adoption or the extent to which adoption is openly discussed within the adoptive family. While these shifts in practice have generated controversy, they are largely supported by research evidence and have become a feature of contemporary adoptive family life. As a result, the narrative that has emerged in relation to openness in adoption is one of historical progress. In this paper, I argue that the lived reality of adoption is less straightforward than this narrative suggests. An analysis of the social and cultural context in which adoption operates suggests instead that the persistent feature of adoption throughout this historical period of increasing openness can be more accurately described as a state of enduring ambiguity regarding the nature of post‐adoption relationships. The paper highlights the potentially damaging consequences of overlooking this aspect of adoptive family life and comments on the role of policy in shaping openness in adoption.