公共财政视角下减轻农民负担的制度重构

农民负担在不断“减轻”中加重,这一困境是传统集权型财政体制的直接后果。传统集权型财政体制不断索取农村资源,阻碍了农民负担的减轻,出现了减轻农民负担的制度锁闭。建立公共财政体制既有利于减轻农民负担的诱致性制度变迁,也有利于减轻农民负担的强制性制度变迁。根据减轻农民负担的需要,应从城乡一体化、乡村财权与事权统一两个方面构建公共财政体制。     

建设服务型政府:构建和谐社会的本质要求

在现代公共治理的视野中,和谐社会包括人与自然的和谐、人与社会的和谐和公共治理的和谐。其中,公共治理的和谐是构建和谐社会的关键,加快推进政府转型是构建和谐社会的主要对策,借鉴发达国家政府改革的先进经验,建设一个适应我国国情的服务型政府是构建和谐社会的本质要求。服务型政府是亲民政府、阳光政府、创新政府、法治政府和电子政府的统一。建设服务型政府,应该遵循从行政理念、行政程序、行政机制、行政规则、行政技术手段上进行变革与创新的有效路径。     

论公共职位的资源稀缺与配置方式

从新政治经济学的视角看,政府的公共性、代理性决定了公共职位公众所有与部分人代理之间的矛盾,公共权力的特有魅力导致了公共职位资源的稀缺与供求矛盾的出现。保证每个社会成员都有进入公职的机会和政府选择到合适的人员是克服这些矛盾的关键,其必然的归宿是竞争开放式的公共职位配置方式。     

政府权威与社会公共利益

政府权威是社会公共利益的需要。在我国由计划经济向现代市场经济转变的过程中,社会利益的多元性和复杂性以及人们生存需求的多样化,都在更为深入的层面上对政府的社会秩序供给提出了新的要求,对传统的政府权威形成挑战。适应新的社会历史条件,强化政府权威,需要完善制度法规,限定权力,制衡权力,监督权力,推进民主化进程,增强社会凝聚力。     

中国化“资产者公共领域”:从民间商会到市民社会的路径选择

学界对于“市民社会”与“公共领域”之概念工具存在理解歧义与混用,“市民社会”与“公共领域”两者均超越了中国化国家与社会之间互动关系的特殊国情,“资产者公共领域”可能是更实际的学理研究路径。在国家与社会互动关系的领域中间,是一个广泛、深邃的市民社会转型地带,并呈递进式状态,朝着市民社会的终极方向演进。当代中国的国家与社会之间互动关系的学理研究角度应是民间商会基础上的“资产者公共领域”,而非公共领域甚至市民社会。     

Challenging Professional Roles: Lay Carers' Involvement in Health Care in the Community

The bulk of care in the community is carried out by lay carers. Recent policy initiatives to support them in the United Kingdom are outlined. There remains evidence of significant gaps in support from professional health and social‐care workers including community nurses. This paper reports three studies of lay carers: those caring for older people, carers of technology‐dependent children, and home‐care workers involved in the “direct payments” scheme. Findings are reported in the areas of decisions about appropriate caring roles, the lay–professional boundary, training and respite opportunities and the expertise of lay carers. Recommendations for policy and practices are made.     

从重大公共卫生事件透析“90后”的现代健康观念

伴随社会经济的迅猛发展和城市化步伐的加快，生态破坏、环境污染等问题日益加剧。生物界自然平衡状态的打破导致近年来我国各类公共卫生危机频发，处于公共卫生事件的高发期，“90后”作为一个特殊的青少年群体，由于其身心机能发育尚未成熟，不但是此类事件中最主要的易感人群，更容易产生各类心理障碍与行为问题。现代健康观念的树立和综合健康素养的提升在这一阶段尤为关键。研究发现，“90后”青少年的健康观念趋于科学理性，健康自我管理能力和习惯养成有待提升：对健康危机的忧患意识较强，危机状态下的心理承受能力较弱；具备一定的公民责任意识和行为自律意识，但面对一些较为复杂的社会现象，现代法制观念和人文关怀意识仍有所欠缺     

CULTIVATING SOCIETY'S CIVIC INTELLIGENCE: PATTERNS FOR A NEW 'WORLD BRAIN'

In spite of remarkable advances in science and technology, humankind is beset with a number of serious problems. These are not just problems that 'won't go away'; they are problems that are worsening considerably. These problems include the growing gap between rich and poor, between those who have too much and those who have too little, as well as a broad range of environmental issues that may have major consequences but, at the same time, are little understood. This essay explores the idea of 'civic intelligence'. What projects, perspectives, policy and technology might humankind develop that would help us collectively address these problems? This essay discusses six aspects of 'civic intelligence' (orientation, organization, engagement, intelligence, products and projects, and resources) as well as ways to make cultivating our 'civic intelligence' a practical - non-utopian - enterprise.     

A Portrait of Older Homeless Men: Identifying Hopelessness and Adaptation

Using participant observation as a homeless shelter volunteer and through face-to-face long interviews with four homeless elders (50+) and six service providers throughout the Greater Cincinnati Metropolitan area, data revealed unique coping strategies and patterns of service use of older homeless people. A state of hopelessness characterized many older homeless people who adapted and functioned in their culture of poverty. Sources of hopelessness were identified. Unique adaptations were noted for certain individuals who either learned to use the services opportunities provided or learned to exploit/abuse the service network. This group of people have found a social niche in which they can function and meet basic survival needs.     

A theoretical perspective on “fear” as an organizational motivator for initiating public relations activities

This exploratory study identifies the correlation between perceived fear and the public relations activities of an organization. A survey of forty public relations professionals in Florida confirms that fear is a critical causal factor that motivates an organization to initiate or undertake public relations activities. The effect of fear on the public relations activities of an organization differed by public relations area. In addition, there was a gap between perception and actual public relations activities. Crisis and issues management were the areas most affected by perception, but in application media relations was the most practiced.