Continuous single attribute control chart for Markov-dependent processes

Most of the times, the observations related to the quality characteristic of a process do not need to be independent. In such cases, control charts based on the assumption of independence of the observations are not appropriate. When the characteristic under study is qualitative, Markov model serves as a simple model to account for the dependency of the observations. For this purpose, we develop an attribute control chart under 100% inspection for a Markov dependent process by controlling the error probabilities. This chart consists of two sub-charts. For a given sample, depending upon the state of the last observation of previous sample (if any), one of these two will be used. Optimal values of the design parameters of the control chart are obtained. Chart’s performance is studied by using its capability (probability) of detecting a shift in process parameters.     

Nonsocial Transient Behavior: Social Disengagement on the Greyhound Bus

Based on two years of observations and engaging in informal conversations with passengers on Greyhound Line buses, this article describes the long‐distance bus journey and the ways in which people actively disengage from others over the course of the ride. Using the Greyhound buses and stations as a microcosm of other such public spaces, I examine its unspoken rules and behavior. I paint a picture of the buses and stations, the patrons, the employees, and the transactions that take place between them. Using ideas from Goffman's civil inattention theory, Lofland's thoughts on strangers, and symbolic interactionism, I explain what I call “nonsocial transient behavior” and “nonsocial transient space.” The reasons nonsocial transient behavior emerges and thus encourages disengagement are identified as follows: uncertainty about strangers, lack of privacy or absence of a personal space, and exhaustion.     

One-sample distribution-free test statistic V(n,k) sensitive to location differences

A location sensitive one—sample test V(n,n) similar to the Wilcoxon two—sample test was proposed by Riedwyl (1967) and stuided by Carnal and Riedwyl (1972). A generalization for grouped data was given by Maag, Streit and Drouilly (1973). In the present paper we discuss the application of the test for grouped data. We present a table of the significance limits and discuss the approximation by means of the normal distribution.     

大型低价海量测点分布式微机监控管一体化系统实现研究

低成本自动化ICA模式的研究在国内外都十分重视，本文研究用BITBUS和IBM PC机组网构成测点数达任意多的分布式低价自动监、控、管一体化系统。本文论述结构组成，硬件，软件的设计实现；系统的多任务 实时操作控制设计；同时也论述了多任务系统的运行调度机制问题。     

Testing for serial correlation in the presence of dynamic heteroscedasticity

Standard serial correlation tests are derived assuming that the disturbances are homoscedastic, but this study shows that asympotic critical values are not accurate when this assumption is violated. Asymptotic critical values for the ARCH(2)-corrected LM, BP and BL tests are valid only when the underlying ARCH process is strictly stationary, whereas Wooldridge's robust LM test has good properties overall. These tests exhibit similar bahaviour even when the underlying process is GARCH (1,1). When the regressors include lagged dependent variables, the rejection frequencies under both the null and alternative hypotheses depend on the coefficientsof the lagged dependent variables and the other model parameters. They appear to be robust across various disturbance distributions under the null hypothesis.     

Cook's distance in linear longitudinal models

Cook's distance (1977) has become the standard influence diagnostic tool for analyzing cross–sectional regression studies. This paper introduces an analogue of Cook's distance in fixed effects models for longitudinal data. We demonstrate that this statistic is dominated by the effects of nuisance parameters, and hence its effectiveness as an influence measure in the longitudinal data setting is limited.     

从一条款行文透析法律文件名称引用问题

为了具有权威性、严肃性和说服力，我国现行规范性法律文件大多是以其立法依据开篇的，然而在引用其他法律文件名称时却存在着这样那样的问题。文章以2004年的《律师执业行为规范（试行）》第2条的行文问题为切入点，从立法学、语言学等角度，通过对大量立法实例的行文进行分析，探讨了引用法律文件名称时被忽略且普遍存在的辅助性信息处置不当、简称使用不规范、标点符号误用、发文字号引用不规范等诸多问题。     

Historical Trends in the Marital Intentions of One‐Time and Serial Cohabitors

This study explored whether cohabitors' marital intentions have changed over time and whether they are sensitive to a person's cohabitation history, that is, the number of cohabitations individuals have experienced. Using a sample of ever‐cohabited women, 16–28 years old, from the 2002 and 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (N = 6,023), the author found that the prevalence of serial cohabitation continues to increase among younger birth cohorts. Furthermore, the share of female cohabitors with plans to marry has been declining across time, net of demographic controls and cohabitation history. Serial cohabitation has strong negative associations with marital intentions, a pattern that was not present among the oldest birth cohort but has emerged among more recent cohorts. These findings extend prior work by showing that the downward trend in cohabitors' marital intentions is continuing among the youngest cohort of women and, importantly, is not explained by serial cohabitation.     

An Axiomatization of the Serial Cost‐Sharing Method

We offer an axiomatization of the serial cost‐sharing method of Friedman and Moulin (1999). The key property in our axiom system is Group Demand Monotonicity, asking that when a group of agents raise their demands, not all of them should pay less.     

服务多类需求串行供应链的最优控制策略

研究由一系列生产环节采用串行方式组成多级供应链的最优控制策略.在此供应链中,原材料经过各级生产环节顺序加工形成最终产品.各级生产环节的加工时间服从随机分布.对最终产品存在多类随机需求.在每个时刻,管理者需要决定:1)是否该启动某个生产环节的生产;2)当有需求到达时,是否该满足此需求.管理者期望系统运行的总期望折扣成本最小.构造了该系统的马尔可夫决策模型并深入研究了其最优控制策略及其动态协同特性.在生产策略方面,证明系统的最优生产策略就是对各级生产环节采用动态的基本库存策略.该策略的动态协同特性主要体现在各级生产环节的最优基本库存水平受其他生产环节的库存水平影响.在产品分配方面,证明系统的最优分配策略是动态配给策略.该策略的动态协同特性主要体现在每类随机需求最优配给水平受各级生产环节的库存水平影响.