Parenting a 6-Year Old Is Not What I Planned in Retirement: Trauma and Stress among Grandparents Due to the Opioid Crisis

ABSTRACT

There is little research about trauma, financial stress, and social service needs emanating from the experience of parenting grandchildren caused by the opioid crisis in the United States. We conducted a qualitative study with 15 grandparents who currently or in the past had custodial care of their grandchildren. We also interviewed nine issue-related stakeholders in Eastern Massachusetts. Specific inquiries centered on events leading up to a change in guardianship, stressors related to legal, financial, and family issues, and system-wide response to the grandparents’ needs. Results indicate that the opioid crisis presents distinct challenges for the grandparent-led families and for the systems that serve the new family arrangement. Crisis triggers a change in guardianship and continues throughout the years. The continued crises stem from events related to the parent’s opioid use disorder (OUD) and from expenses related to raising a young family, especially when the grandchild has adverse childhood experiences. Our analysis shows that systems break down on a number of levels, and the fluidity of custodial arrangements due to parents’ OUD status does not map onto existing support or benefit systems. Policy responses must focus on the immediate and long-term needs of grandparent caretakers, especially since the opioid crisis is likely to continue.     

酒类销售规制研究进展述评

酒类是成瘾性商品,过度饮酒不仅损害消费者的身体健康,而且还有严重的负外部性,因此需要政府进行必要的干预.与消费环节相比,对酒的生产与销售环节进行规制会更有效率,其中销售环节是酒类规制的重点.目前,许多国家都对酒类进行规制以禁止居民过度饮酒.对酒类销售环节的主要规制手段包括销售对象规制、销售网点规制、价格规制与营销手段规制四种.通过梳理国内外关于酒类销售规制的已有研究,可以为完善我国酒类销售规制体系提供理论与经验支持.     

大学生网瘾的成因分析及治理对策

随着网络这一新兴媒体的飞速发展,人类社会已开始步入网络时代,社会政治、经济、文化及人们的学习、工作、生活因之受到影响,整个世界也因它的出现而发生翻天覆地的变化。网络的负面效应有如它的积极作用一样,涉及到社会生活的各个方面,从当前网络对高等教育的负面影响来说,当首推大学生上网成瘾所带来的诸多问题。本文通过分析大学生网络成瘾的各种原因,从社会、学校和学生自身几方面入手,对大学生戒除网瘾提出了几点相应的对策。     

大学生网络成瘾调查及干预措施探讨

互联网的飞速发展给人类的社会生活带来了巨大的变革,既给人们的工作、学习和生活带来了极大的方便,同时又有它负面的影响,甚至会影响人们的身心健康.研究表明,目前大学生的一些身心问题与网瘾有关.因此对大学生网络成瘾情况不能忽视,应尽快采取有效的干预措施,防止身心疾病的发生.     

寿命有限条件下的理性成瘾行为分析

在Becker与Murphy的"理性成瘾"理论基础上进行了拓展研究.在假定成瘾者预期寿命有限的条件下,构建了有限时域理性成瘾模型,并运用最优控制理论获得了最优成瘾消费与成瘾资本的显式表达式.研究表明,预期寿命的延长,理性成瘾者会相对降低对成瘾品的消费量;成瘾品的消费量与成瘾者的风险偏好、耐心程度和成瘾资本衰减速率等因素有关;成瘾消费具体表现为随年龄增长而单调上升或者先缓慢下降然后再快速上升这两种情形.基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)香烟与酒类消费数据,实证分析了寿命有限约束下理性成瘾理论的合理性.研究还表明,在控制和戒除有害成瘾行为的过程中,应该充分考虑成瘾者的个体特征以及成瘾物品本身特性所产生的潜在影响.     

大学生正念对网络成瘾的影响：经验回避和冗思的链式中介效应

网络成瘾在现阶段大学生群体中的问题日益凸显。为探究正念、经验回避、冗思与大学生网络成瘾的关系及其内部作用 机制，对山东省十余所高校的1011 名大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现：大学生正念与经验回避、冗思、网络成瘾均呈显著负相 关，经验回避与冗思、网络成瘾均呈显著正相关，冗思与网络成瘾呈显著正相关；大学生正念显著负向预测网络成瘾，并通过经 验回避与冗思的链式中介作用影响其网络成瘾。对大学生群体的教育建议是：加强正念训练，提升积极心理品质；降低经验回 避，提升心理弹性水平；减少冗思困扰，提升心理适应能力。     

大学生网络欺负行为的现状､成因及其对策研究

网络欺负是随着网络技术的迅猛发展和广泛普及而出现的一种新的欺负形式,它与传统的欺负形式一样,都属于侵犯性行为.本研究选取武汉、北京、重庆等地四所高校进行取样研究,分析了当前大学生网络欺负行为的现状,从客观与主观两个方面探讨了大学生网络欺负行为形成的原因,进而从“绿色网络”建设、行为主体、家庭教育、学校教育以及网络道德建设和法律法规建设等方面提出相关对策和建议.     

The Scylla State. A gendered understanding of the experiences of marginalised women in the United Kingdom

Since the formation of the 2012 Coalition government, the UK has been subject to 12 years of neoliberal policy enacted with ferocity and vigour. This has comprised austerity measures including the retrenchment of welfare via the reshaping of the welfare state and public services according to business practices, ideals of individual responsibilisation and overwhelmingly, the notion of reducing the state's ideological and fiscal responsibility for equity and social welfare. The neoliberal state has been conceptualised by Loic Wacquant as a Centaur, boasting a liberal head, yet one atop an authoritarian body whose focus is the designated ‘underclasses’, the socially and economically non-compliant. The Centaur takes away with one hand while ruling punitively with the other, specifically via ‘prisonfare’ and ‘workfare’ to compel submission to precarious and sub-par employment. Although compelling, the Centaur State is justifiably critiqued for its blindness to gender and focus upon the manifestation of neoliberalism in the States. By exploring the stories of 23 women in the UK with histories of survival sex working and problematic drug use, a distinct gendered alternative reality emerges of the operation and machinations of the neoliberal state. Rather than a Centaur, marginalised women experience the Scylla State, a covert, hydra-headed beast motivated by neo-Victorian ideals of ‘womanfare’. The operations of the Scylla State are unpredictable, replicate traumatising interpersonal experiences and variously involve surveillance, coercion, conditionality and the responsibilisation of victimhood to justify increasingly punitive responses to women's survival strategies in the face of increasing trauma and deprivation.