青少年网瘾家庭成因分析及干预研究

青少年网瘾已经成为当前一个严重的社会问题,其发生与家庭有一定的关系。其表现为一是父母缺乏对青少年期孩子心理特点的了解,关心不够;二是父母的引导教育不相一致,形不成合力。要实施青少年网瘾的家庭干预,首先要实现亲子之间的良好沟通,并注意给予孩子足够的关爱和支持,在积极肯定孩子在家庭生活中权利和责任的同时,努力培养孩子的＂网商＂。     

Impact of Mid-Life Symptoms of Alcoholism on the Health and Wellbeing of Aging Parents of Adults with Disabilities

The study examined the effect of adult children’s disability on parents’ physical health in later life and the extent to which parents’ symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life moderates the link between children’s disability and later life parental health. Analyses are based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included parents of children with developmental disabilities (n = 145) or mental health problems (n = 200) and 2,432 parents of unaffected children. The results showed that the negative health consequences in later life of having a child with a developmental disability were greater for those who showed more symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life. However, symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life did not significantly moderate the impact of an adult child’s mental health problems on parents’ later life physical health. The findings suggest a potential area where gerontological social workers could intervene, given the negative impact of symptoms of alcoholism on the health of aging parents of children with a disability who may be significantly more susceptible to the negative health impacts of alcohol compared to their younger counterparts.     

Dual effects of ‘losses disguised as wins’ and near-misses in a slot machine game

Individually, both near-misses and losses disguised as wins (LDWs) have been seen to exert pro-motivational effects on gambling. However, it is not clear whether both structural characteristics are effective within the same game. Participants (n = 40) played a slot machine simulation. The simulation delivered near-misses, wins and ‘full-misses’. Half the participants also received LDWs that occurred independently of the outcomes on the payline. Valence and motivation ratings were collected after each round. Results showed that the LDW group reported increased valence ratings compared to the no-LDW group. Within the LDW group, trials with LDWs also resulted in increased enjoyment compared to trials without LDWs. We distinguished near-misses falling either side of the payline. Near-misses before the payline (NMB) were rated as more motivational than near-misses after the payline (NMA), whereas NMAs were rated as more aversive than NMBs. These differences between the two near-miss types were exacerbated by LDWs. Results demonstrate LDWs increase the trial-by-trial enjoyment of non-win outcomes. The motivational and hedonic effects of near-misses differed for events either side of the payline, and these differences were exaggerated by the presence of LDWs. Thus, near-misses can retain their effectiveness in complex forms of gambling that also deliver LDWs.     

“产学研”导向的人力资源管理专业教学研究

随着社会对人力资源管理专业人才需求的迅速增长,作为培养复合型和应用型人才的重要途径,人力资源管理专业实践教学体系的研究也受相关各方的关注。“产学研”导向的人力资源管理专业实践教学模式,是一种对企业人才需求的主动反应,它能增强高校与企业合作性,培养出更符合社会经济发展的应用型人才。论文阐述了实践教学对人力资源管理专业人才培养现实意义,并提出“产学研”导向的实践教学模式,这将有利于教学内容上的侧重、教学体系的构建、学生专业核心技能的提高、校企合作关系的建立等。     

Determining socio-demographic predictors of treatment dropout: results in a therapeutic community

This article presents a study of a number of socio-demographic factors that predict treatment dropout from a residential substance use disorder programme in Spain ( Proyecto Hombre Therapeutic Community). A sample of 430 patients (173 who completed treatment and 257 who dropped out of treatment) was assessed at entry to the therapeutic community programme in order to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. According to the results obtained, factors that predicted treatment dropout included younger age, male gender and previous treatment history in the Proyecto Hombre therapeutic community. Patients with these characteristics were at significantly greater risk of dropping out of treatment. The implications of these results for further research and clinical practice are commented upon.     

Addiction severity predictions using client network properties

By statistical analysis of client data it is shown how past or current network information together with other knowledge assesses treatment needs. The main findings are as follows. The client's previous exposure to addicts in the family has almost no influence on his or her present contacts with addicts in daily life. About 30% of the clients have experienced addicts both in family and among friends, about 30% have only family exposure, about 20% have neither kind of exposure, and about 20% have no family exposure but have current exposure to addicts. Exposure to addicts in family implies a higher risk of severe need for professional intervention than no such exposure. For the clients with no family exposure but with current exposure to addicts there is, somewhat surprisingly, a lower risk than for the other three categories of clients. This effect seems to be mainly because the psychiatric status of these clients is somewhat better than for those in the other three categories. The effect disappears if we look solely for drug addiction intervention needs; then there is a clear increase in relative treatment needs for the categories with previous or present addiction exposure compared to those without.     

Baby Boomer’s Substance Abuse and Researcher Indifference

The current older adult population is more likely to need and seek treatment for alcohol and drug abuse than previous cohorts of older adults, which necessitates the need for age-appropriate substance use treatment. Building on previous research that examined the lack of attention on substance use among older adults, this study examines articles addressing substance use disorders among older adults in leading gerontological and substance abuse journals and federal funding between 2011 and 2017. Publications were identified from ten leading gerontological and ten leading substance abuse journals using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. During this time-period, there were 68 and 44 articles published in gerontology and substance abuse journals respectively related to substance use disorders in older adults. Most (59.8%) addressed alcohol abuse and 7% involved intervention studies. In the 7-year period, there were 13 federal grants. A paucity of published or funded work exists in this area despite growing misuse and treatment seeking among older adults with substance use disorders. Effectively addressing substance abuse in older adults will require a coordinated effort between researchers and practitioners to establish and implement best practices for practitioners to rely on when working with substance abusing older adults.     

我国青少年网络成瘾研究的新动态与新趋势

网络社会全面来临，青少年网络成瘾问题愈演愈烈，并呈现出许多新情况和新特征，相应的研究也得以不断丰富。站在新时代，面临新形势，回应网络全息时代对青少年网络成瘾的新挑战，反思已有研究的经验和局限，把握未来发展的方向和趋势，是青少年网络成瘾研究的时代命题。在对近二十年来我国青少年网络成瘾的概念性、描述性、影响性、相关性、对策性以及反思性研究进行文献综述和内容分析的基础上，发现已有研究在不断丰富和发展的同时，更需要在范式、视野、内容以及维度等方面不断发展和创新。未来要不断深化研究领域，拓展研究内容；扩大研究视野，实现学科融合；更新研究范式，拓展研究深度；丰富研究维度，加强比较研究，开创青少年网络成瘾研究的新视域和新境界。     

Gender differences in gambling preferences and problem gambling: a network-level analysis

Most gambling studies have a gender-blind research approach, although a large body of scientific evidence suggests that gambling in females is on the rise and that males and females have different gambling behaviours and experience specific gambling-related harm. This study addressed these gender differences using a network analysis, an innovative approach considering disorders/concepts as dynamic systems of interacting symptoms/items. Data on gambling activities, problem gambling, substance use and mental health were collected in a representative sample of French adult gamblers (n = 8805). The study capitalized on the network analysis directly to compare associations of specific gambling activities with gambling disorder symptoms separately for both genders. The network analysis revealed that problem gambling was strongly associated with gambling machines among females, whereas it was related to sports betting, poker and casino games among males. The networks that included substance use and mental health showed that substance use was related to specific gambling activities. These findings confirm the links between various gender-specific gambling patterns and problem gambling and suggest a need to consider these gender differences to improve prevention efforts. More broadly, the present study further supports the importance of gender differences for gambling research and policy.     

互联网成瘾障碍与人格特征关系研究与思考

随着计算机及网络的普及，出现了一系列与网络相关的社会问题，其中研究最多的是互联网成瘾障碍。介绍了互联网成瘾障碍概念，对互联网成瘾与人格特征的关系的研究现状进行了阐述，总结了这一领域的研究成果，在此基础上对今后研究可能关注的问题提出一些思考。