实时交通信息作用下公交多公司博弈研究

研究了提供公交车实时到站信息服务,对乘客出行行为的影响以及公交公司在基于自身利润最大化目标下,决策是否提供信息进行分析.模型中假设,理性的出行者随机到达车站或者利用公交信息提前规划自己的行程.计划出行的人数依赖于公交车的发车频率以及提供信息的质量的高低.基于固定需求的乘客出行分析,研究了公交公司在选择是否提供信息和设定运营频率以最大化利润.得到不同运营策略的公交公司的发车频率及最优利润.发现乘客利用信息成本越低,公交公司在提供信息方面越积极,公交公司可能在降低社会总成本的情况下落入“囚徒困境”.如果乘客利用信息的成本较高,而信息提供成本较低,则可能出现一家公交公司提供信息而另一家通过增加服务频率来差异竞争的均衡结果.     

交叉口公交优先技术现状与问题

城市公共交通优先通行是提高公交车准时率的关键性措施，交叉口公交优先通行能够减少公交车辆在交叉口的延误，通过设置公交专用进口道以及交叉口公交信号优先控制，从而提高城市公交的服务水平。分析国内外交叉口公交优先研究现状，指出目前交叉口公交优先通行技术研究中存在的主要问题和不足，并提出相关对策和建议。     

优化公交体制 提高服务质量

通过分析研究国内外公交行业体制改革的进程,认为公交行业不应再在"国退民进"和"国进民退"中反复折腾,而要把多种体制成分共存作为一种政策,通过体制改革引进市场机制来取代原来的政治干预,坚持政府主导,通过特许经营等形式进行经营管理,建立更加便民的公交服务,营造一个更加和谐的社会。     

公共汽车节能驾驶综合评价研究

燃油价格的上涨,使节油成为降低汽车使用成本的重要途径。众所周知,汽车油耗增加很大程度上是由不正确的驾驶习惯所导致,本文对公共汽车驾驶与节能的关系进行了研究,利用模糊数学方法建立了一个公共汽车节能驾驶的综合评价模型。利用这个模型,可以对公共汽车驾驶员的驾驶技术与节能效果进行综合评价。经试验表明,这个模型在改进和规范公共汽车驾驶员的驾驶动作,促进公共汽车营运的节能减排等方面发挥较好作用。     

DS18B20及其在多点温度检测中的应用

简介美国DALLAS半导体公司的一线总线数字温度传感器DS18B20及其在温控中的应用,给出系统硬件图及流程图。     

Inter-city bus scheduling under variable market share and uncertain market demands

Bus scheduling is essential to a carrier's profitability, its level of service and its competitiveness in the market. In past research most inter-city bus scheduling models have used only the projected (or average) market share and market demand, meaning that the variations in daily passenger demand that occur in actual operations are neglected. In this research, however, we do not utilize a fixed market share and market demand. Instead, passenger choice behaviors and uncertain market demands are considered. Stochastic and robust optimizations and a passenger choice model are used to develop the models. These models are formulated as a nonlinear integer program that is characterized as NP-hard. We also develop a solution algorithm to efficiently solve the models. They are tested using data from a major Taiwan inter-city bus operation. The results show the good performance of the models and the solution algorithm.     

Work-Related Road Safety: An Analysis Based on U.K. Bus Driver Performance

The effects of age and experience on accident involvement for bus drivers were investigated, with special emphasis upon the first years of being an operator, using two methods. First, direct calculations between these variables were undertaken. Thereafter, a variant of the method of quasi-induced exposure (a ratio of culpable versus nonculpable accidents in the population) was used and referred to as the indirect method. These methods yielded fairly similar results, given that the samples used were drawn from the same population but only partly overlapping. It was found that experience had the strongest effect on accidents in the first year of driving, while age had a u-shaped association with accidents, that is, young and old drivers had more accidents, something that was more apparent when experience was held constant. These results show that, for bus drivers, experience is initially more important than age, but after two or three years, the effect is small. Thereafter, age is the more discernible variable, although it is a very weak factor in predicting crash risk.     

Disability, (auto)mobility and austerity: shrinking horizons and spaces of refuge

In Britain, many disabled people have access to a car through the Motability Scheme. However, with recent news of thousands of disability claimants losing their cars in cuts, it is worth reflecting on the cultural and symbolic importance of the motor car. This article considers the car’s ability to expand spatial and experiential horizons and offer a site of sanctuary for disabled people, and asks what can be lost in the wake of the recent government reassessment of the scheme.     

驾驶行为与公共交通能耗管理策略研究

随着社会发展,经济建设更多地考虑全面、协调可持续的发展模式。在交通领域亦是如此,特别是在公共交通领域,"公交优先"、"绿色公交"等理念早已深入人心,但在具体的实施过程中由于缺乏必要的技术和管理手段,离理想的目标还存在着很大的差距。文章提出采用智能交通技术对公交驾驶行为进行远程识别与监测,并运用于公交能耗管理,以实现管理方式、手段和流程等方面的创新,优化公交能耗管理机制。     

从亚里士多德伦理学看贝娄小说《拉维尔斯坦》

《拉维尔斯坦》是美国小说家、1976年诺贝尔文学奖获得者索尔·贝娄的代表性小说。借助亚里士多德伦理学解读《拉维尔斯坦》,可以发现该小说体现了幸福在于沉思的生活的观点。