Expatriate paternalistic leadership and gender relations in small European software firms in India

The study examines how European managers deliver paternalistic leadership in two small IT companies in India, a collectivist, high-power-distance culture where private lives are largely influenced by extended families. In particular, gender aspects are discussed in relation to recruitment and attrition, working hours and leave policies, and building company culture. These small companies experience a different set of challenges from those faced by the big multinationals, and they meet them in different ways, often translating Western management ideas to fit the Indian context. This article shows how managers of these two companies, with their European background, adapt their leadership to the Indian setting and how they handle gender issues. While some degree of paternalistic leadership appears to be a necessity in the Indian context, introducing European ideas of low power differences and regulated policies creates a mix which is appreciated by the employees.     

Inter-organizational relationships involving SMEs: A bibliographic investigation into the state of the art

The theme of inter-organizational relationships involving SMEs (SME IORs) has generated a relevant body of knowledge that has not been systematized yet. This article carries out a systematic literature review on SME IORs using bibliometric techniques, aiming to provide an overview of the main subfields of research and to identify promising paths for future research that can contribute to develop a more comprehensive body of knowledge around SME IORs.Four factors of thematically connected research emerge, which represents the main subfields of inquiry within the field of SME IORs. Insights regarding the content of these topics, the different theoretical foundations of the literature on SME IORs, and potential paths for future research are discussed.     

Internationalization Orientation in SMEs: The Mediating Role of Technological Innovation

This study examines the relationship between internationalization orientation and international performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the mediating effect of technological innovation. Prior research suggests that internationalization is a prominent strategic choice for SMEs growth and profitability. However, there is still no explicit agreement on how internationalization affects international performance. Similarly, the role of innovation on performance has long been emphasized, but the implications of technological innovation on international performance are still eluding us. Our investigation of 116 SMEs in the United Kingdom reveals that internationalization orientation has a significant effect on their international performance, with SMEs adopting simultaneously an inward and outward international orientation achieving superior results. We further demonstrate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between technological innovation and international firm performance among SMEs. Meanwhile, we find that technological innovation positively mediates the effect of internationalization orientation on international firm performance, particularly for the SMEs exhibiting moderate levels of technological innovation activities. The findings of this study suggest that managers can improve international performance by combining inward and outward internationalization orientation with technological innovation activities in their strategic decisions.     

中小企业违约风险系统性和异质性测度——基于违约风险成分分析法的研究

与大中型企业相比,经济环境恶化或突发事件冲击使中小企业资产价值更易大幅下降,不仅单个企业违约风险急增,企业间的违约相关性也明显变大。然而不同类型中小企业违约风险变化特征仍有较大差异。为了更好测度中小企业违约风险、分析其相关性和差异性,本文在资产价值满足跳-扩散过程假定下,将或有权益分析法、组合违约风险分析与系统波动风险测度β相结合,把违约风险分解为系统成分和异质成分。系统成分越大,表明企业违约风险越易受外部经济环境和相关违约风险影响。异质成分越大则表明企业违约风险与自身异质性特征更为相关。实证研究表明,违约风险成分分析能较好解释中小企业违约风险的相关性和差异性,有助于违约风险分类管理。     

民营中小企业融资难的经济学分析

目前,民营中小企业进入了资金密集型升级的急剧扩张阶段,需要大量的发展资金,但现行的融资体制和渠道难以满足这种需求.个中原因,从经济学角度来看,主要是信息不对称,即民营中小企业不能向外界有效传递准确的企业发展信息,银行也无法准确掌握企业各方面的信息.如何解决制约企业持续健康发展的融资难问题,本文侧重于企业科学发展的角度探讨了对策措施.     

联合产权制是社会主义市场经济的基石

在中国现代企业制度创建中 ,高度集权的单一劳动产权制度和照搬西方股份制的单一资本联合体 ,均不可能成为社会主义与市场经济结合的基石 ;只有公有为主的联合产权制度 ,才能成为社会主义市场经济的微观基础。这种联合产权制度的特征及其具体实现形式表现在四个方面。     

按照"五集中"模式发展湖南中小企业

通过分析湖南省中小企业的发展现状,找出制约其进一步发展的困难及成因分析;根据对国内外中小企业发展模式的比较分析,提出了符合湖南省中小企业改革发展的五集中模式:产权向自然人集中、产业向环节集中、产品向特色集中、布局向城镇集中和企业向园区集中。