工程质量政府监督多层次利益分配与激励协同机制探究

The implementation of the government supervision of the quality of the project is an international practice. The basic form of government supervision of engineering quality is government supervision on the quality behavior of the engineering main bodies and its results by the competent government department entrusted. Its essence is a dual principal-agent process. The frequent accidents of the engineering quality reflect the loss and failure of the government law enforcement supervision of the engineering quality to some extent. Its root lies in the lack of endogenous power in the law enforcement supervision of the project quality government supervisors in the law enforcement supervision. Therefore, the incentive coordination mechanism of the government supervision based on the multi-level interest distribution is worth explored. In views of the multi-level management system which is formed by the government departments, government quality supervision organizations, quality supervision team (or group) for the government supervision of engineering quality. The benefit distribution function between every party is constructed, and the game model of the multi-level incentive and coordination for the government supervision in engineering quality is built. To solve and deduce from the first stage of the cooperative game and the second stage of the non-cooperative game, the cooperative game can obtain the reward coefficient: . The coordination degree of the best effort can be obtained by the non cooperative game. The result shows that:the coordination degree of government engineering quality supervisor is related to the coordination costs, and had nothing to do with fixed costs. The benefit distribution coefficient not only depends on the efforts of the quality government monitors, but also on the efficiency of other parties' efforts. The quality supervisors of the project will also focus on the coordination with other parties when enhancing their management capabilities to improve the overall performance of project quality government supervision. The strategy of the incentive coordination mechanism for the supervision and cooperation of the project quality government is:the government quality supervision team should set up the supervisory team properly, improve the coordination efficiency and reduce the cost of supervision-coordination to maximize the value of self-motivation. Quality supervision team (or group) should establish the partnership to improve the coordination efficiency for achieving the maximization of their own incentive value.The model and conclusion of incentive synergy mechanism based on multi-level benefit allocation mechanism are researched. It can provide theoretical support and practice reference for the market governance and supervision of general public goods.     

氮元素施用与农户粮食生产效率:来自全国农村固定观察点数据的证据

本文采用2003～2015年全国农村固定观察点的大样本数据,构建相关随机效应模型(Correlated Random Effect)尽可能降低传统随机前沿生产函数中一步法的内生性问题,实证分析氮元素施用对农户家庭层面"加总"粮食生产效率的影响。在清理数据的过程中,本文对全国农村固定观察点数据可能存在的面板数据衔接偏误问题进行纠正,进一步检验了计量分析结论的稳健性。研究结果表明,中国农户粮食生产过程中氮元素施用过量,对粮食生产效率具有显著的负向影响,且这一结论是稳健的。氮元素施用对粮食作物生产效率的负向影响存在着异质性,对不同经营规模农户的影响效果是显著的,但对不同区域农户的影响效果并不显著。基于实证研究结论,本文提出了适当降低氮元素施用量的政策建议,即为农户施肥提供技术指导,深入推进化肥减量化和有机肥替代行动,健全化肥相关管理条例与科学施用的指导办法。     

函数与方程思想方法在中考解题中的应用

函数与方程思想方法是中学数学的基本思想，几乎渗透到中学数学的各个领域，在解题中有着广泛的应用。函数思想与方程思想虽有着各自的概念与性质，但它们之间又密切相关。本文将对函数与方程思想的概念、如何相互转化以高效解题及其在中考中的应用加以详细阐述。     

中国城乡居民年龄别消费模式量化与分析

文章采用2010年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据量化分析年龄别居民消费模式。针对同类研究只采用年龄变量作为自变量的不足,在经典的需求和消费函数基础上扩展年龄变量构建计量模型,获得了更好的解释力和准确性。基于计量分析结果刻画了分年龄、性别的中国城乡居民消费模式,并进行城乡比较。研究发现,居民家庭消费生命周期中存在30~34岁及45~49岁两个消费高峰;城乡居民消费差距最大的是高龄老人;农村老人在高龄阶段的医疗保健消费明显下降;农村中年妇女的医疗保健支出低于男性。研究认为,应从政策层面有针对性地加大对特定年龄性别人群的扶助力度;同时,未来产业规划应充分考虑人口结构变动因素的影响。     

向量小波和正交小波尺度函数的设计及证明

文章通过多分辨分析理论和仿酋矢量滤波器组理论,讨论正交小波的存在,提出了组建一系列正交小波数据包的算法,得到了利用小波包组建L2(R,Cμ)(2≤μ∈Z)空间的多种标准正交基的一些方法.     

中国货币冲销政策选择有效性的实证研究

中国国际收支双顺差,且长期偏高。在现行外汇管理体制下,外汇储备的增加导致外汇占款增加,基础货币被动投放。这不仅干扰了中国货币政策独立性,也加速了国内通货膨胀。本文运用2001年1月至2011年12月的中国宏观经济月度数据,对中国货币冲销有效性作了估计。研究发现,受国债市场不发达和汇率制度等因素限制,货币工具部分冲销了样本期内央行被动投放的基础货币。     

《数理统计》教学中的若干思考

文章在总结了《数理统计》多年教学的基础上,提出在教学中应注意的几点问题,主要包括:统计分布的标准化、似然函数的构造、最小方差无偏估计以及C-R不等式等。     

一种去除图像运动模糊的算法

根据运动对图像所造成的图像模糊的原因及特点,本文介绍了关于运动模糊图像的退化模型,并提出了一个新的运动模糊图像恢复算法。首先利用radon变换可以检查直线方向的特性估算出运动模糊方向,然后运用自相关运算估算出运动模糊长度,从而确定点扩散函数的两个主要参数值。最后用维纳滤波对图像进行复原。实验结果表明,这种方法能够比较精准地估算出点扩散函数参数值,并很好的复原了运动模糊图像。     

多维copula函数的一种随机变量模拟生成方法

在对Archimedean copula函数性质分析的基础上,文章给出了多维copula函数的分布函数的一种计算方法,此方法的给出为多维copula函数的模型选择提供了方便,另外,基于多维copula函数的分布函数的表达式又引出了一种三维随机变量模拟生成的方法,并且通过实证分析显示此方法给出的模拟值和真实值较为接近.