Correlates of honor ratings in a clinical clerkship employing a faculty forum evaluation system

5he purpose of this study was to determine whether or not suspected variables affected a surgery clerk's chances of being awarded an honor rating. Findings indicated a significant relationship between a student receiving an honor rating and his or her preceptor's predetermined level of student advocacy, the number of completed patient interview and physical examination write-ups, and final examination scores. There was no significant relationship found between honor ratings and the preceptor's status, the sequence in which the student was discussed or the length of time spent discussing the student at the final evaluation meeting, or the number of clinical faculty present at the meeting. These results lend support to the faculty forum evaluation approach, but suggest a need for further scrutiny of some influencing variables to ensure all students are fairly considered and honor ratings judiciously awarded.     

Physician perceptions of medical malpractice and defensive medicine

Using judgments obtained in interviews with 33 Massachusetts physicians, the annual statewide volume of expenditures incurred for defensive medical reasons in 1982 was estimated to be $1.0 billion, 12% of all medical care expenditures. Estimates for the nation were $37 billion, 14% of expenditures. Nationally, 180,000 cesarean deliveries were thought to be performed for defensive motives. In their own institutions, respondents judged 43% of all skull x-rays following injury to be medically justified, 30% to be defensive medicine, 16% to be placebos, and 11% to be physician misjudgments. In considering the economic and noneconomic costs of medical malpractice procedures, the dollar costs of insurance were considered most serious, followed closely by defensive medicine, unfairness, and poorer relations with patients. Thirty-two percent of the responsibility for the negative aspects of malpractice processes was assigned to lawyers, 21% to physicians, 18% to legislatures and courts, 16% to patients, and 13% to insurance companies.     

The utilization of prevailing evaluation policy in the selection of performance measures

This study considers the problem of inferring a functional evaluation criterion from existing performance measure policies. The objective is to develop a rational basis by which to adaptively evaluate a current best set of performance measures from alternative sets. The analysis is based on a matrix approach for relating system characteristics to performance measures across a set of activities. A procedure for ranking measure combinations which are candidate implementation alternatives is devised using this matrix representation and cost information. An example illustrating the procedure is presented.     

An exploratory study of manufacturing strategy practices of machinery manufacturing companies in India

This paper presents findings of a survey on manufacturing strategy practices adopted by the Indian machinery manufacturing companies (IMMC). Based on the survey, three companies have been selected for detailed case studies. Their experiences in the manufacturing strategy process are analyzed. Although the companies represented diversity in terms of product type, sales volume, and geographic location, they share several commonalties including use of advanced manufacturing technologies and use of several improvement techniques. The process of strategy formulation varied among the companies in terms of participants, complexity and degree of formalization. Competitive priorities, order winners and critical success factors are also identified for these companies. Based on strategic manufacturing issues, manufacturing competence index and business performance index for the companies has been worked out.     

中小学教师依法治教的困境与对策

中小学教师是依法治教的实践者、宣讲者、推动者,是推动依法治教的关键因素之一。但是,在中小学教师依法治教的过程中,还存在着中小学教师法治素养良莠不齐,教育立法滞后、执法不严、司法不公以及中小学教师职前、职后法治教育缺失等现象。全面推进依法治国,实现教育治理体系和治理能力现代化,必须深刻把握和充分发挥中小学教师在依法治教中的价值和作用,增强其依法治教的自觉性;必须深刻分析中小学教师在依法治教中面临的各种困境与原因,采取针对性措施,做到有的放矢,综合施策。     

甘青藏区民间工艺的传承与创新——以玛尼石刻和敲铜工艺为例

本文通过对甘青藏区传统民间手工艺中的甘南玛尼石刻和青海湟中敲铜工艺的田野考察,对两类民间工艺的制作工艺、宗教信仰背景、生产模式、文化内涵等方面做了详细分析,并且对甘青藏区的传统民间工艺在新时代的活态传承进行反思。     

“网上追逃”研究

“网上追逃”不仅涉及刑事诉讼中的侦查、审查起诉中的犯罪嫌疑人、审判阶段的被告人,也涉及刑罚执行阶段的罪犯,而且涉及监察案件的被调查人,因而并不仅仅属于侦查措施或者侦查活动。“网上追逃”的根本目的在于强制在逃人员恢复法定状态。强制恢复法定状态的措施主要包括异地拘留逮捕的协助执行、先行拘留、无证抓捕,以及由此发生相应的讯问、羁押、押解等相关活动。“网上追逃”应当从适用规范及权利保护两个方面进行规范。     

Kind discipline: Developing a conceptual model of a promising school discipline approach

This formative evaluation develops a novel conceptual model for a discipline approach fostering intrinsic motivation and positive relationships in schools. We used concept mapping to elicit and integrate perspectives on kind discipline from teachers, administrators, and other school staff. Three core themes describing kind discipline emerged from 11 identified clusters: (1) proactively developing a positive school climate, (2) responding to conflict with empathy, accountability, and skill, and (3) supporting staff skills in understanding and sharing expectations. We mapped the identified components of kind discipline onto a social ecological model and found that kind discipline encompasses all levels of that model including the individual, relational, environmental/structural, and even community levels. This contrasts with the dominant individual-behavioral discipline approaches that focus on fewer levels and may not lead to sustained student and staff motivation. The findings illustrate the importance of setting and communicating clear expectations and the need for them to be collaboratively developed. Products of the analysis and synthesis reported here are operationalized materials for teachers grounded in a “be kind” culture code for classrooms.     

Personality profiles of factitious disorder imposed by mothers: A comparative analysis

Factitious Disorder Imposed by Another (FDIA) can be difficult to expeditiously identify. Understanding personality characteristics of FDIA perpetrators via psychological assessment may decrease the time between initial abuse and identification of FDIA. Personality characteristics of FDIA mother-perpetrators were examined through a comparative analysis of MMPI-2 profiles. It was predicted that mother-perpetrators would have significantly higher overall profile elevations on the MMPI-2 and elevations on specific clinical scales than a comparative control group. Results indicated that mother-perpetrators displayed significantly higher, elevations on the Psychasthenia (Pt) and Schizophrenia (Sc) scales and a trend toward significantly higher elevation on the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scale than the control group. These findings, along with the demographic information obtained, establish a preliminary foundation for understanding an overall profile of mother-perpetrators.     

山东抗日根据地的灾荒与救济

抗战时期,山东根据地遭受了严重的天灾敌祸,由此而产生了极大的荒情。根据地党和政府及时采取了多项有力措施:一方面大力放赈救急,另一方面领导根据地军民扩大生产,增加财富。根据地的救荒运动不但为战胜灾荒、争取抗战胜利奠定了基础,而且也推动了社会进步。