盐铁会议的本质

盐铁会议不是一次关于政策的论争,汉武帝时期的政策不存在一个前后的分期问题。盐铁会议从本质上讲,是专权的霍光通过开会的形式利用儒生对桑弘羊施以打击的政治运动。之后,霍党势力就取代功勋赫赫声名极高的桑弘羊控制了西汉帝国的财政大权。在这次政治运动中,儒生积极地参与了对桑弘羊的打击行动。     

淮盐重要历史遗存——古海陵仓考

古代泰州淮南大盐场地处江海流域,两淮中部,滨江临海,700余里广袤的滩涂资源,又有得天独厚舟楫之利。公元前195年,吴王刘濞在此开山铸钱,煮海为盐,由扬州茱萸湾开运盐河东通海陵仓专事运盐。汉、唐、宋年间史籍、文学著作中经常出现“海陵仓“一词,对此史学界一直颇多争议。从多角度、多侧面、客观公正地分析当时当地的自然现象、历史背景,展示出这里两千多年前从海陵仓形成以来淮盐发生、发展的历史轨迹。     

试析国民政府前期两淮私盐的种类

私盐的种类如何,从不同的角度看,有不同的划分结果。研究此问题时,我们不仅要注意生产领域内的私盐和运销领域内的私盐,还要注意到消费领域内的私盐。国民政府前期两淮盐区的私盐种类繁多,突出的有灶私、军私、枭私及商私等,多集中于盐斤的生产和使用领域。     

清末澳门华人纳税制度的形成与发展

鸦片战争之前,澳城外华人向香山县缴纳赋税,澳城内华人亦受清政府管辖.鸦片战争后不久,葡萄牙人单方面宣布澳门为自由港,取消了澳门中葡两国海关,失去了主要的财政收入;他们欲向整个澳门半岛及离岛的华人征税以弥补损失,同时也想借此机会攫取澳门主权中最为关键的一环--税收主权,最终达到摆脱清政府控制、夺得澳门管治权的政治目的.澳门华人纳税制度经历了三个阶段的演变,19世纪50年代是雏形期,70年代是成熟期,80年代则最终成形.     

The residents’ ‘images of the past’ in the architecture of Salt City, Jordan

In the preservation movement, the perception of older buildings by the residents of a city has received limited consideration. This paper reports on empirical research conducted in a small traditional city, Salt, Jordan. It examines ‘images of the past’ within a model of nonverbal communication of the meaning in the built environment. The objective of this study is to identify similarities among residents’ images of the past. A survey research design using multiple sorting techniques with open-ended questions was used to identify residents’ images of the past. These images were elicited through the observation of coloured photographs of a sample of older buildings from the city centre. Images of the past were examined within three content areas: knowledge of the past, date of construction of the building, and character of the past of Salt City. Findings suggest that older buildings in the centre of the city do evoke similar images of the past for residents, regardless of their length of residential tenure. From these similar images, a common image of the past focus on public or social use buildings along with residential buildings of the settlement era. Residents has associated these buildings with the past functions and development of the city. This study presents an approach for operationalizing the image of the past as a research variable (in terms of the scale of a city and of different cultures).     

江淮东部沿海海盐发展的历史见证——串场河

串场河位于江苏沿海北部，是从宋代开始逐步形成的人工运河，因串通诸多盐场而得名。串场河沿线地区从春秋战国开始就是重要的海盐产区，汉代的海盐业已具有相当的规模，唐宋以后因该地区海盐业的发达和实际需要逐步开挖形成淮盐重要的运输线，从而也带来了沿线地区经济和文化的繁荣，并与大运河一起共同铸就了江淮海盐辉煌历史的姊妹篇章。     

盐文化旅游景点翻译中的文化传播——以自贡盐业历史博物馆为例

翻译作为语际间的交流活动，不单是语言上的转换行为，而且是文化上的移植行为。在文化发展与变迁的过程中，翻译是引发文化优化与传播的重要推进力量，而旅游景点翻译对文化的传播和推广是最直接和直观的，对增强中华文化国际影响力、向世界展示我国改革开放的崭新形象以及体现华人积极向上的精神风貌有着重要的影响。通过对自贡市盐业历史博物馆景点翻译中体现的文化传播进行分析和研究，可以对自贡市的旅游业发展、对文化的传播起到推动和促进作用。     

Top incomes in the UK over the 20th century

Summary.  Recent changes in the distribution of income need to be placed in historical context. The paper provides new evidence about the evolution of top incomes in the UK over the 20th century. Making use of published tabulations of the income tax statistics, and of microdata for recent years, we construct estimates of the shares of top income groups, giving for the first time an annual time series for gross incomes that spans more than 90 years. The paper pays particular attention to the problems of data construction and of the interpretation of tax-based evidence. The resulting statistics have evident limitations but throw light on periods, such as that between the First and Second World Wars, for which there is little other empirical material. The results bring out clearly how the major equalization of the first three-quarters of the century in the UK has been reversed, taking the shares of the top income groups back to levels of inequality found 50 years ago. A similar U-shaped pattern is found for the USA, but the post-war experience of France is different from that in the UK.     

17世纪巴伐里亚与山东的农业生产恢复措施

17世纪前半期,德国经历了长达30年之久的欧洲国际战争,中国也处在清军入关、明末社会大动荡的时期,两国的农业生产同时遭受了同样严重的破坏.但是,以巴伐里亚和山东省为例,德、中两国农民面对战乱灾荒的自救方式、两国统治者所采取的补救措施以及战乱过后两国农业的发展趋势却表现出根本性的不同.     

民国时期湖南纷乱的公共领域:基于米盐公股问题的考察

米盐公股是粤汉铁路商办时期湖南通过米捐和盐斤加价形成的巨额公产。铁路国有化后,米盐公股的索讨、保存和分配引起湖南各界的广泛关注和参与,湖南教育界、工业界和慈善公益人士围绕米盐公股的最终用途更是展开了激烈而持久的争论,因此成为重要的公共事件,从一个侧面反映了省宪及联省自治、落后的经济、拮据的财政等因素对湖南社会的影响,也相当典型地映照出民国时期湖南公共领域的热闹与无序。