Post-Brexit Trade Policy Autonomy as Pyrrhic Victory: Being a Middle Power in a Contested Trade Regime

The Leave camp and prominent Brexiteers typically present regaining political control over international trade policy after Brexit as one advantage of leaving the European Union. A newly autonomous UK government, so the argument goes, will be free to negotiate wide-reaching and ambitious trade agreements with the world and will not be restricted by the compromise-culture inherent in supranational, Brussels-based deliberations. In the absence of clear formulations of Britain’s post-Brexit trade political agenda, much of the debate remains hypothetical at this point. Yet, from a global governance perspective, it is clear that the institutional and legal architecture for international trade cooperation is currently fragmented. Given WTO negotiating deadlocks, the institutional strain resulting from parallel country-by-country negotiations, regulatory clash in the existing network of preferential trade agreements, and the UK’s new position as a middle power in the trade regime, this essay argues that Britain may find it more difficult to push its own trade agenda internationally than is currently conceded in the debate. With the global trade regime currently shifting back towards more power-based forms of international interactions, regaining trade policy autonomy post-Brexit may turn out to be a pyrrhic victory for the new trade middle power Britain.     

市场开放视角下的中国对外贸易法律制度——成就、问题、挑战与完善

通过历史方法和比较方法,从市场开放视角切入,考察中国对外贸易方面的法律意识、法律运行和法学研究的发展与演进。分析表明,中国既存在外方指称的开放不足,也存在实行多年的开放过度。因此,面对外方的市场开放要求,中国既要提升相关法律意识水平,提高相关法律运行质量,加强相关法律学术研究;又要借鉴发达国家的做法,对于法律问题保留必要政治判断的权力;同时还要加强法律战略策略研究与实践,积极构筑中国主导的贸易机制。     

互补与共生视域下的中俄产业合作对策研究

中俄产业合作已是中俄两国多层次良性互动的必然结果。在国内外环境的多方推动下,中俄产业合作朝着互补与共生的方向不断发展。在互补与共生视域下,通过介绍中俄产业合作的现状,分析出中俄未来可以重点开展双边合作的产业领域,如基础设施建设、高技术产业、农业、能源产业等,进一步厘定互补与共生视域下的中俄双边产业合作关系,即短期内为非对称性关系,长期内为对称性关系。最后,提出互补与共生视域下推动中俄产业深度合作的对策建议。     

The US–China trade war and Phase One agreement

The Trump administration changed US trade policy toward China in ways that will take years for researchers to sort out. This paper makes four specific contributions to that research agenda. The first is to carefully mark the timing, definitions, and scale of the products subject to the tariff changes affecting US–China trade from January 20, 2017 through January 20, 2021. One result was each country increasing its average duty on the other to rates of roughly 20 percent, with the new tariffs and counter-tariffs covering more than 50 percent of bilateral trade. The second contribution is to highlight two additional channels through which bilateral tariffs changed during this period that received less research attention. One tariff change is through product exclusions, another is trade remedy policies of antidumping and countervailing duties. The third contribution is to provide an initial exploration into why China fell more than 40 percent short of meeting the goods purchase commitments set out under the first year of the Phase One agreement. The last contribution is to consider additional trade policy actions—involving forced labor, export controls for reasons of national security or human rights, and reclassification of trade with Hong Kong—likely to affect US–China trade beyond the Trump administration.     

论“一带一路”沿线国家能源合作的可持续发展

“一带一路”倡议是中国与“一带一路”沿线国家进行区域深度合作的宏伟构想，能源是“一带一路”沿线国家合作的重点。当前，在“一带一路”倡议的引领下，国际能源合作正在向纵深、宽广、可持续和高质量的方向推进，但国际能源合作的可持续发展则面临着能源高消耗高污染、能源体系不明确、能源合作模式缺乏创新、能源链单一分散等困境。在推进“一带一路”沿线国家能源合作可持续发展的过程中，应以完善绿色低碳机制、提高能源合作标准、营造多元共生机制、构建供需互补体系和建立供应链联盟为实现路径，探索更多的能源合作新机遇，为国际能源合作可持续发展机制创新奠定基础。     

Intensification of geo-cultural homophily in global trade: Evidence from the gravity model

This article extends the homophily principle (similarity breeds connection) found in many social networks to the study of global trade. Using a large data set about global bilateral trade from 1950 through 2000, analyzed by the gravity model borrowed from international economics, this study identifies increased geographic and cultural homophily in global trade, suggesting that countries increasingly favor their geographically and culturally proximate counterparts in global trade. Another analysis of bilateral trade data at the sector level produces an explanation for this observed intensification of geo-cultural homophily. The technological and institutional improvements facilitate disintegration of productive activities and product differentiation, thereby intensifying geo-cultural homophily in the intermediate input and finished manufacture sectors; moreover, trade expansion in these geo-culturally sensitive sectors outpaces geo-culturally less sensitive sectors such as the raw material sector. This differential expansion of trade across sectors shifts the composition of the overall global trade and makes it more subject to geo-cultural influences. Taken together, global trade has become more geo-culturally embedded. Instead of eliminating geo-cultural homophily in global economic activities, ironically, the improved technologies provide better conditions for it to materialize and grow.     

供应链整合：上海国际贸易中心建设的核心理念

所谓供应链,是指产品从原材料购买到生产再到存储、运输、分销最后到客户的全过程。随着通讯、运输条件和信息传递技术的发展,使供应链管理与整合成为可能。上海国际贸易中心建设的重点,应放在对供应链体系的整合与完善上。必须把建设国际贸易中心与培育中国的跨国公司和供应链管理中心有机地结合起来,实现真正的贸易自由化和便利化。     

全球生产网络（GPN）下的深圳市物流业发展格局研究——对外贸易和物流视角

本研究以对外贸易和物流为研究对象,选择国际化程度较高,物流业发展国内领先的深圳市为案例,分析了深圳市在全球生产网络中物流业发展地位和发展格局。提出全球生产网络下物流业会有较大的发展,每个城市和地区都应积极融入全球生产网络中;融入过程受到周边区域和城市的激烈竞争;港口和空港是城市融入全球生产网络的重要物流终端,政府应重视港口和空港货运发展,尤其是未来空港货运发展。     

The Roles of Bank and Trade Credits: Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Evidence

This study investigates the roles of bank and trade credits in a supply chain with a capital‐constrained retailer facing demand uncertainty. We evaluate the retailer's optimal order quantity and the creditors' optimal credit limits and interest rates in two scenarios. In the single‐credit scenario, we find the retailer prefers trade credit, if the trade credit market is more competitive than the bank credit market; otherwise, the retailer's preference of a specific credit type depends on the risk levels that the retailer would divert trade credit and bank credit to other risky investments. In the dual‐credit scenario, if the bank credit market is more competitive than the trade credit market, the retailer first borrows bank credit prior to trade credit, but then switches to borrowing trade credit prior to bank credit as the retailer's internal capital declines. In contrast, if the trade credit market is more competitive, the retailer borrows only trade credit. We further analytically prove that the two credits are complementary if the retailer's internal capital is substantially low but become substitutable as the internal capital grows, and then empirically validate this prediction based on a panel of 674 firms in China over the period 2001–2007.     

资源环境国际流量的识别及测算思路

资源环境问题具有全球性质,要解决人类社会经济活动与资源环境外在条件之间的矛盾,不仅需要各国内部予以协调,还会涉及国际关系。将国界概念引入环境经济核算框架,可以归纳出资源环境在国际范围流动的三种形式。从环境与经济间关系出发,国际贸易背后所隐含的资源环境国际流量问题最为引人注目。从一国看,与国际贸易进出口及差额相伴随,还存在一个资源环境进出口及其差额问题。要测算资源环境进出口差额,有必要引入投入产出技术。