A robustness framework for monitoring real options under uncertainty

This paper presents a problem structuring methodology to assess real option decisions in the face of unpredictability. Based on principles of robustness analysis and scenario planning, we demonstrate how decision-aiding can facilitate participation in projects setting and achieve effective decision making through the use of real options reasoning. We argue that robustness heuristics developed in earlier studies can be practical proxies for real options performance, hence indicators of efficient flexible planning. The developed framework also highlights how to integrate real options solutions in firms’ strategic plans and operating actions. The use of the methodology in a location decision application is provided for illustration.     

Assessing participants’ perceptions on group-based principles for action in community-based health enhancing physical activity programmes: The APEF tool

In community-based health enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programmes, group-based principles for action such as active participation, enjoyment, and fostering group processes are widely advocated. However, not much is known about participants’ perceptions of these principles as there are no assessment tools available. Therefore, this article describes the development of the APEF (Active Participation, Enjoyment, and Fostering group processes) tool and reports on its implementation in a Dutch CBHEPA programme. Indicators for the principles have been identified from literature research, interviews with professionals, and secondary analysis of three group interviews with 11 practitioners. To address the identified indicators, the APEF tool was developed, pretested, and used in 10 focus groups with 76 participants.The APEF tool consists of eight statements about group-based principles for action, on which CBHEPA participants vote, followed by in-depth discussion. The voting procedure engages participants. Spider diagrams visualise participants’ perceptions of group-based principles.The APEF tool addresses the challenge of relating group level outcomes to individual outcomes such as physical activity behaviour. The tool facilitates as well as evaluates group-based principles for action, it stimulates dialogue and is culturally sensitive, but it needs strong facilitating skills to manage group dynamics.     

晚清立宪派整体构建状况和群体特征分析——以1905-1911年江苏立宪派为中心的探讨

晚清立宪派作为改革力量在中国近代史上扮演过重要角色。江苏立宪派则是立宪派的中坚力量,以其自身优势意图引领和把握立宪运动的走向和动态。文章通过考察江苏立宪派的地域特征、人员构成和来源背景可以看出,江苏立宪派群体得以构建主要源于地缘因素与经济基础,其深厚的文化底蕴、优越的经济条件及开明并保守的政治性格等三个主要特征也决定了其在晚清立宪运动中的政治心理与行为方式,从而使其作为一支重要的基层改革力量对晚清立宪运动的效果产生深刻的影响。     

小组工作对学龄初期儿童的介入初探——以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班为个案

学龄初期是指儿童从六七岁到十一、二岁这一时期，这时儿童进入学校，开始以学习为主导的活动。它是儿童心理发展的一个重要时期。作为社会工作专业方法之一的小组工作能帮助学龄初期儿童树立团结互助与分享意识，培养他们团结合作的精神，提高他们独立自主的能力。笔者从小组工作专业视角出发，以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班作为个案，描述并分析了学龄初期儿童的特征，阐述了小组工作方法对学龄初期儿童介入的可行性，探讨了小组工作方法的介入、评估及个人反思。     

Paradigm lost: Reinvigorating the study of organizational culture

In spite of the importance of organizational culture, scholarly advances in our understanding of the construct appear to have stagnated. We review the state of culture research and argue that the ongoing academic debates about what culture is and how to study it have resulted in a lack of unity and precision in defining and measuring culture. This ambiguity has constrained progress in both developing a coherent theory of organizational culture and accreting replicable and valid findings. To make progress we argue that future research should focus on conceptualizing and assessing organizational culture as the norms that characterize a group or organization that if widely shared and strongly held, act as a social control system to shape members’ attitudes and behaviors. We further argue that to accomplish this, researchers need to recognize that norms can be parsed into three distinct dimensions: (1) the content or what is deemed important (e.g., teamwork, accountability, innovation), (2) the consensus or how widely shared norms are held across people, and (3) the intensity of feelings about the importance of the norm (e.g., are people willing to sanction others). From this perspective we suggest how future research might be able to clarify some of the current conflicts and confusion that characterize the current state of the field.     

Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.     

美日电子商务发展比较

美日在IT领域的发展差距体现在很多方面,电子商务是其中之一。本文比较分析了美日电子商务的规模,总结了美日发展电子商务的不同特征,并指出至少在目前,电子商务在日本具有较强的工具性和一定的封闭性,而美国的电子商务发展更能满足电子商务的本质要求。文中还探讨了造成美日之间这一发展差距的原因,及今后可能推动日本电子商务发展的有利条件。     

母公司对子公司的管理和控制模式研究

现代大型企业集团的出现,形成了集团母公司与下属各子公司(包括参股公司)之间复杂的组织结构与关系网络。由于母公司与子公司都是平等的企业法人,因此母公司如何对子公司进行有效的管理,发挥集团的整体优势,就成为理论界与企业界普遍关心的问题。本文对目前理论界和企业界所采取的母公司对子公司的管理和控制模式进行了研究。     

坚持三个文明建设是正泰腾飞的强大动力

正泰集团(Chint Group Corp.)是一家民营企业,经过20年艰苦创业,产品畅销海内外,已成为我国低压电器行业最大产销企业.本文概括介绍正泰集团腾飞成功的经验--坚持三个文明一起抓.作者以亲身经历,例举大量生动的事例,令人信服地说明:民营企业一定要以人为本,采用多样灵活有效方式,同时抓好三个文明建设,这样企业才有强大的生命力,才能持续快速发展,为现代化建设作出更大的贡献!正泰在实践中创造的宝贵经验,值得全国各地民营企业借鉴.