计算机集成制造与成组技术

成组技术(GT)和计算机集成制造(CIM)是两种改变传统的机械制违中多品种、小批量制造企业落后面貌的先进技术和方法。本文探讨了这两种技术之间的关系,着重说明以下问题:GT通过对系统的简化而成为CIM的基础;以CIM思想为指导开发GT系统,不仅可取得较好的近期效益,而且随着企业计算机应用水平的提高,可在GT系统的基础上建立起CIM系统。本文最后对一个实际工厂目前正在实施的GT系统和正在规划的CIM系统的关系作了探讨。     

The Stability of Social Groups in Childhood and Adolescence: The Role of the Classroom Social Environment.

This study provides a developmental analysis of childhood and adolescent social relationships within the school context. The social groups of 220 fourth graders and 475 seventh graders were tracked over a one year interval. The initial results indicated that approximately 30% of the social groups were identified as stable in that they maintained at least 50% of their membership over the one year interval. However, the stability in group affiliations was a function of the stability of the composition of the classroom. When schools did not promote classrooms as a unit, only 6.8% of social groups were stable, as compared to 55% of groups being stable when the school did promote classrooms as a unit. This school effect in group stability was demonstrated by a high correlation (rs = .97) between classroom stability and group stability. Even in unstable classrooms, individuals were more likely to maintain affiliations when group members were assigned to the same classroom. This work suggests that stable environments promote stable relationships, which in turn, may promote greater continuity in the organization of behavioral patterns.     

西方政党政治中的利益集团、政党腐败及其治理

政党政治是西方民主政治的重要组成部分,是政治民主化的发展成果。政党的社会整合能力削弱,导致了西方政治过程中利益集团作为一支强大的力量强势崛起,并通过政治献金、游说向执政党施加压力,以期将集团的利益诉求通过执政党和政府的公共政策制定合法化。政党与利益集团的媾和促成了权力与利益的互换,政党腐败滋生,腐蚀和瓦解着当前政治体制,耗竭政党的社会基础与执政资源,威胁政党政治的生命。为此,只有完善政党与利益集团自身的组织规范,实现对政党权力的约束;改变单一的政党经费筹集方式,增强竞选经费使用的透明度;建立开放与多元竞争的公共政策制定机制,实现公共政策的利益均衡,构筑明确的权力与利益边界,才能重构政党与利益集团的关系,消减政党与利益集团的不正当交易,遏制腐败的发生。     

加强人大常委会监督应发挥机关协调、支持体系的作用

就人大常委会自身而言,加强其依法行使监督权的途径可通过科学运用各种监督形式、完善监督权相关制度两种方式实现,然任何制度的顺利运行仅依靠自身改善难以万全,只有在完善自身的基础上充分结合其他社会资源方能内外兼修,从而形成完善体系。本文作为项目阶段性成果,以专门委员会、工作机构和专家顾问三方面力量为切入点,论述如何建立和发挥机关协调、支持体系的作用,从而实现加强人大常委会依法行使监督权的目的。     

信息化背景下发展型农村地区手机使用人群分化研究——基于晋南村庄的实证调查

随着农村信息化的迅猛发展和手机迅速的普及,手机使用逐渐进入人们的学习、工作和生活之中,改变着人们的思维和行为方式,打破传统人群基于人缘、血缘、地缘、为纽带的人群共同成员感和归属感,进而导致农村地区人群也在走向分化。以晋南村庄的手机使用情况的实地调查数据为依托,采用定性和定量的分析方法,从体制依存和自我依存的两个角度进行分析把握,结果表明,在信息化背景下的手机使用过程使得村庄人群存在明显的分化。结合以上分析,对这种现象进行了初步的了解和掌握,进而探讨这种现象对社会带来的价值与意义。     

土家族转用汉语及土家语濒危的成因

土家族转用汉语及土家语濒危的成因是多方面的。各种社会文化因素和语言因素构成了一个相互交织、相互关联、相互制约的复杂系统。但相对于语言因素的影响而言,社会文化因素的影响是主要的。其中社会变迁、政治、经济、文化、教育因素的影响起了决定性的作用。土家族与中原汉族地区长期的政治、军事、文化接触,经济活动方式的革新以及土汉杂居的环境,扩大了土家族对汉语的需求;汉学教育的实施和普及、开放的语言文化观念加速了土家族转用汉语的进程。归根结底,土家族语言价值取向的转变及其语言选择行为是对其社会经济文化变迁的积极回应。     

鹅湖之会与稼轩词派

辛弃疾、陈亮二人的鹅湖之会是辛、陈交往的一个重要事件,也是稼轩词派形成中的一个标志性的事件.在这次会面中,辛、陈二人以词相互酬答,为后世留下了一段难得的佳话,更在实际的意义上强化了稼轩词派的显性特征,扩充了稼轩词派的创作队伍,壮大了这一词派的创作力量,使得稼轩词派成为名副其实的一个流派.     

An efficient sequential design of clinical trials

We propose an efficient group sequential monitoring rule for clinical trials. At each interim analysis both efficacy and futility are evaluated through a specified loss structure together with the predicted power. The proposed design is robust to a wide range of priors, and achieves the specified power with a saving of sample size compared to existing adaptive designs. A method is also proposed to obtain a reduced-bias estimator of treatment difference for the proposed design. The new approaches hold great potential for efficiently selecting a more effective treatment in comparative trials. Operating characteristics are evaluated and compared with other group sequential designs in empirical studies. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the method.     

Operating Characteristics for Group Sequential Trials Monitored Under Fractional Brownian Motion

Brownian motion has been used to derive stopping boundaries for group sequential trials, however, when we observe dependent increment in the data, fractional Brownian motion is an alternative to be considered to model such data. In this article we compared expected sample sizes and stopping times for different stopping boundaries based on the power family alpha spending function under various values of Hurst coefficient. Results showed that the expected sample sizes and stopping times will decrease and power increases when the Hurst coefficient increases. With same Hurst coefficient, the closer the boundaries are to that of O'Brien-Fleming, the higher the expected sample sizes and stopping times are; however, power has a decreasing trend for values start from H = 0.6 (early analysis), 0.7 (equal space), 0.8 (late analysis). We also illustrate study design changes using results from the BHAT study.     

Group Variable Selection with Oracle Property by Weight-Fused Adaptive Elastic Net Model for Strongly Correlated Data

This paper is the generalization of weight-fused elastic net (Fu and Xu, 2012 Fu, G., Xu, Q. (2012). Grouping variable selection by weight fused elastic net for multi-collinear data. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation 41(2):205–221.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), which performs group variable selection by combining weight-fused LASSO(wfLasso) and elastic net (Zou and Hastie, 2005 Zou, H., Hastie, T. (2005). Regularization and variable selection via the elastic net. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) 67(2):301–320.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) penalties. In this study, the elastic net penalty is replaced by adaptive elastic net penalty (AdaEnet) (Zou and Zhang, 2009 Zou, H., Zhang, H. (2009). On the adaptive elastic-net with a diverging number of parameters. Annals of Statistics 37(4):1733–1751.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and a new group variable selection algorithm with oracle property (Fan and Li, 2001 Fan, J., Li, R. (2001). Variable selection via nonconcave penalized likelihood and its oracle properties. Journal of the American Statistical Association 96(456):1348–1360.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Zou, 2006 Zou, H. (2006). The adaptive lasso and its oracle properties. Journal of the American Statistical Association 101(476):1418–1429.[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) is obtained.