唐宋变革论体系的演化

自近代以来，由日本学者构筑的唐宋变革论体系，伴随时代的发展与新的知识资源的扩充，呈现出不断发展变化的趋势。本文旨在揭示这一演化的历史过程，尝试着分析这一过程变动发展的原因，并由此作出区别于以往的评价。     

ASSESSING CONGRUENCEAMONG DISTANCE MATRICES: SINGLE-MALT SCOTCH WHISKIES REVISITED

A test of congruence among distance matrices is described. It tests the hypothesis that several matrices, containing different types of variables about the same objects, are congruent with one another, so they can be used jointly in statistical analysis. Raw data tables are turned into similarity or distance matrices prior to testing; they can then be compared to data that naturally come in the form of distance matrices. The proposed test can be seen as a generalization of the Mantel test of matrix correspondence to any number of distance matrices. This paper shows that the new test has the correct rate of Type I error and good power. Power increases as the number of objects and the number of congruent data matrices increase; power is higher when the total number of matrices in the study is smaller. To illustrate the method, the proposed test is used to test the hypothesis that matrices representing different types of organoleptic variables (colour, nose, body, palate and finish) in single‐malt Scotch whiskies are congruent.     

张生煮海所反映的海洋精神

元杂剧《张生煮海》是一出神话剧,反映潮州举子张羽与小龙女私定终身而遭到东海龙王阻挠,于是敢与命运抗争并最终获得胜利的故事,从中折射出元人对海洋的观念变化,反映了我国先民藐视神权、敢于跟强大的恶势力斗争的精神,也折射出人定胜天的海洋精神。     

性感——唐代服装的审美特点

文章主要从唐代开放的时代背景,以及唐代服装的形制、面料的色彩、服装的质料等角度阐述唐代服装性感的审美因素.     

晚清小说家眼中的立宪运动

晚清小说涉及宪政运动的大致可分为两类:一类是由立宪派所写,用来宣传立宪的内视角小说;另一类是小说家旁观品评的外视角小说.从晚清小说提供的视角中,我们可以看到立宪思想的传播和立宪的舆论准备,看到当时的普通人对立宪运动的看法,同时可以看到一个主义是否得到群众拥护,不在于其是否符合"历史规律",而在于其是否取得当时人的信任.     

Lower bounds on expectations of positive L-statistics from without-replacement models

We consider samples drawn without replacement from finite populations. We establish optimal lower non-negative and upper non-positive bounds on the expectations of linear combinations of order statistics centered about the population mean in units generated by the population central absolute moments of various orders. We also specify the general results for important examples of sample extremes, Gini mean differences and sample range. The paper completes the results of Papadatos and Rychlik [2004. Bounds on expectations of L-statistics from without replacement samples. J. Statist. Plann. Inference 124, 317–336], where sharp negative lower and positive upper bounds on the expectations of the combinations were presented for the without-replacement samples.     

清末商事立法评述

清末统治者为了摆脱困境、挽救危机,使其统治获得一个稳固有力的经济基础,在商业领域,改变了传统的重农抑商政策,进行了一系列商事立法.实际上较多地仿效了日本1899年的商法模式。其唯一的政治目的就是力求度过危机,重固统治。清末的商事立法与西方资本主义商法貌合神离,它根本不可能冲破封建的羁绊,将中国引上资本主义轨道。     

从区域文化角度比较唐浩明与二月河历史小说的差异

唐浩明、二月河是当代历史小说创作的两位突出代表,理论界对两者历史小说的批评一般停留在历史真实与艺术真实的结合和雅俗定位上,缺乏针对性。笔者认为唐浩明、二月河的创作都受到区域文化的影响,湖湘文化的"经世致用"与河东风土的"重实轻名",是使唐浩明与二月河的文学作品在创作动机、艺术品位等方面产生差异的重要原因。     

Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

浅论早期满族婚姻形态的宗法性

婚姻是人类繁衍自己后代的文明形式 ,是构成家庭、产生宗族的基础。早期满族的婚姻形态处处渗透了宗法的色彩和内容 ,以宗族家族利益为目的 ,财产作为婚嫁中介 ,严门第等原则成为制约满族婚姻缔结的宗法性因素 ;包办婚、收继婚、早婚、一夫多妻等婚姻习俗 ,反映了宗法的族权、父权、夫权在满族家庭婚姻生活中起着决定作用 ,体现了浓厚的宗法性