Employee absence,age and tenure: A study of nonlinear effects and trivariate models

Multiple regression techniques were used to explore the nature of the relationships between age, tenure and absence in 2417 British local government workers drawn from three work groups. The data were collected from organizational records and included measures of both non-certified absence and medically certified absence. Linear and curvilinear associations among age, tenure and absence were examined. The possible moderating or mediating role of tenure in the relationship between age and absence was subsequently analysed. The data revealed linear relationships between age and absence that were negative for non-certified absence and positive for certified absence. In contrast, curvilinear relationships were found between tenure and absence that were U-shaped for noncertified absence and inverse U-shaped for certified absence. Tenure was found to moderate but not to mediate the relationship between age and absence. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the changing age and career paths of the workforce, and of methodological issues in absence research.     

Distribution Channel Strategies for a Manufacturer with Complementary Products

In this article, we consider distribution channel strategies for an incumbent manufacturer who produces two complementary products and must determine whether or not to have another company to sell its products. We identify factors that affect the manufacturer's motivation to use dual‐channel distribution. Our results show that both complementarity between complements and product substitutability between firms influence the manufacturer's channel strategy. We find that if the potential entrant does not produce the complement of the primary product, a higher complementary effect for the complement will weaken the motivation of the incumbent to add an indirect channel. We also find that the incumbent has a stronger incentive to add the indirect channel when a product's substitutability is high. Furthermore, we show that when the two channels have the same pricing power, the incumbent has a stronger incentive to sell through the indirect channel in a higher pricing power environment.     

高层管理团队内部社会资本、团队冲突和决策效果的关系——研究综述与理论分析框架

反映在结构因素、关系因素和认知因素三个维度上的高管团队内部社会资本为决策信息的交换和共享提供了机会、意愿和能力,有利于团队内部形成建设性的冲突模式,促进决策效果的提高.本文以团队冲突为中介变量,建立了高管团队内部社会资本与决策效果的关系的理论框架,提出了研究命题,并对企业高管团队内部社会资本的培育提出建议.     

激光探测系统阈值电路的分析及应用

介绍了三种典型的阈值电路，论述了其结构及特点，并指出各自的适用范围     

门槛效应、经济增长与环境质量

根据“环境库兹涅茨假说”,随着经济的增长,环境质量先恶化后改善,变化过程中存在着所谓的“门槛效应”。本文采用Hansen（2000）提出的“门槛回归”方法,以108个国家和地区作为横截面数据,对影响“环境库兹涅茨曲线”的多个因素进行了门槛效应分析。结果表明：一个国家或地区的收入水平、工业发展水平和贸易开放程度都存在着“门槛效应”。我们发现,当贸易开放程度作为门槛变量时,可将“低收入-高工业”的国家分成两组。而在“低收入-低工业”、“高收入-高工业”和“高收入-低工业”的国家和地区中不再有“门槛效应”的存在。     

Government size and economic growth in Taiwan: A threshold regression approach

The Armey curve developed by [Armey, R. (1995). The freedom revolution. Washington, DC: Rognery Publishing Co.] and [Vedder, R. K., & Gallaway, L. E. (1998). Government size and economic growth. Joint Economic Committee] demonstrates that there is a non-linear relationship between government size and economic growth. In order to search for the threshold effects, this paper employs [Hansen, B. E. (2000). Sample splitting and threshold estimation. Econometrica, 68(3), 575–603] threshold regression model to test whether the Armey curve exists in Taiwan, allowing for endogenous government size thresholds. We apply the two-sector production function developed by [Ram, R. (1986). Government size and economic growth: A new framework and some evidence from cross-section and time-series data. American Economic Review, 76(1), 191–203] to construct the threshold regression model. Three classifications of government size are tested in sequence as threshold variables. The result indicates that all three classifications of government size have a threshold effect and that a non-linear relationship of the Armey curve exists in Taiwan.     

Warranted inferences of mediation and possibility of a threshold effect: Verifying the mediating effects of anger in situational crisis communication theory

Scholars have called for communication research to verify the causal claims of mediation models from a research design perspective, instead of only proving mediation statistically. This study validates whether and how anger mediates the causal effects of crisis types on publics’ responses in Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), including reputation, negative word-of-mouth intention, and purchase intention in China. Two experiments were conducted based on the experimental-causal-chain design. Results in Study 1 demonstrate that the causal relationships between three crisis types and publics’ emotional and other responses in China are consistent with findings in Western contexts. In Study 2, the results of a 2 (anger: low, high) x 3 (crisis types: victim crisis, accidental crisis, preventable crisis) factorial experiment reveal significant mediating effects of anger on publics’ responses in the victim and accidental crisis conditions, but not for preventable crises. This novel finding suggests the possibility of a threshold effect of anger in the mediating process. Specifically, anger has a mediating effect on publics’ responses when it is below the high-anger threshold. However, anger may no longer be the mediator when it exceeds this threshold. This finding empirically challenges the common assumption that emotions have a linear relationship with publics’ responses, thus offering a new research avenue and deeper understanding of how emotions function in crises. Therefore, this research serves as a pioneer, calling for future studies to validate other theories involving mediation to yield fruitful insights.     

蒙古帝国时期的东西方贸易

1200年到1400年,蒙古帝国对欧亚大陆的统治开创了近两个世纪的“蒙古和平”。尽管不少学者对和平的真实性表示怀疑,但单纯从物质文化交流的角度看,蒙古帝国始终是和平的。在这样一个和平安全的环境中,东西方贸易得以迅速发展。贸易的繁荣有力地推动了欧亚各地的商业发展,商品种类极大丰富,商业城市高度繁盛,商贸路线开放畅通,商人活动范围空前扩大。虽然,蒙古人之间的不和与冲突对东西方贸易的发展产生了一些不利影响,但从大环境来看还是利大于弊,至少相较蒙古帝国之前有了很大改善。     

空气污染治理与公众健康———来自“大气十条”政策的证据

为探究《大气污染防治行动计划》 (以下简称“大气十条”)的健康效应,本文基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据及省级面板数据,利用基于多项Logit模型的双重差分法(Logit-DID),从微观与宏观两个维度考察“大气十条”政策的健康改善效应及其传导机制,并进一步通过异质性分析探讨环境健康不平等的内在原因 研究发现:“大气十条”实施带来显著的健康效应,该政策不仅能有效控制与空气污染高度相关疾病的发病率和死亡占比,还能够间接降低受空气污染影响较小的疾病病情。其作用机理主要通过控制PM2.5浓度改善公众健康,同时该政策对二氧化硫(SO2)、氮氧化物、烟(粉)尘等其 他污染物浓度的下降起到了协同作用。进一步分析显示环境福利不公平的现象依然存在,“大气十条”政 策显著降低了疾病高发人群的发病率,且对女性、城镇居民和低、高年龄段等疾病高发人群的健康影响更显著。本文为政府构建环境健康公平发展路径,推进“健康中国”战略提供了经验证据和政策借鉴。     

大学生就业决定因素分析——基于多层模型的方法

本文利用山东2007届高校毕业生就业调查数据,建立多层交叉随机效应模型,检验了个体、专业和学校等多层变量对大学生就业的影响。结果发现,初次就业概率在学校和专业之间存在显著差异,且学校因素对就业的作用大于专业,但学校与专业对就业的交互作用不显著。就业能力以及与专业相关的实习经历对就业具有显著的正向作用。因此,大学生就业政策的重点是提高教育质量和突出专业特色,提升就业能力,完善就业导向的实习指导和服务。