从战争和改革的视角看英国民族国家形成的历程

民族国家是以民族为基础而建立的主权国家,国家主权和民族一体性是其建立的两个必备要素。英国民族国家的形成经历了漫长的历程,14、15世纪,英吉利民族经历了百年战争和玫瑰战争的动荡,萌生了一种强烈的民族意识,王权逐渐战胜封建割据势力,民族国家建立的条件日益具备;16世纪,经过宗教改革和政府改革,王权得以最终摆脱教皇控制,国家机构进一步完善,英国民族国家最终形成。     

土地开发决策模式与城镇发展——近代英国海滨休闲城镇的启示

近代英国海滨休闲城镇的发展在很大程度上受到土地开发模式的影响和制约 ,不同时期的决策主体 (地主、“改善委员会”和市政当局等 )对土地开发的自发或自觉的决策 ,显示了他们把握机遇的准确程度 ,从而决定了海滨休闲城镇的发展趋向 :起初处于“自发”状态 ;铁路时代则以利用大片土地进行铁路与车站建设为关键 ;后期 ,市政府能否顺应时代、积极有效地介入城镇建设至关重要。有鉴于此 ,在我国城市化过程中应注意城镇土地开发 ,进行系统规划 ,避免无序开发 ,尤其不能听任开发商的“自发”行为 ,这样才能在我国建成一批功能各异、各具特色的生态城镇     

英国圈地运动对农民的影响新论

英国圈地运动在不同时期有不同的特点及社会后果 ,它在不同时期、不同地区对农民的影响各异。圈地运动并不是造成农民消亡的主要原因 ,也没有起到驱逐农民离开土地进入工业的作用。因此不能夸大圈地在农民消亡过程中的作用。     

Intergenerational and career mobility in Britain: An integrated analysis

Mobility analysis has traditionally concentrated on the task of charting flows in the two-way contingency table which relates occupational origin to occupational destination. It has not yet undertaken a unified analysis of intergenerational and intragenerational aspects of mobility. And only rarely does it incorporate terms which represent ordered concepts such as inequality or vertical movement. In contrast, path analysis has typically imposed strong orderings on the data, and it has been employed to tease out the relations among several occupational variables. Its main defect is that it entirely abstracts from shifts in mean occupational position, and also from change in the shape of the occupational distribution. Yet both of these are important sources of mobility. The present paper shows how two innovations in mobility analysis may be generalized to constitute a technique which unites the strengths of path analysis with those of log-linear analysis. The two innovations are (a) the conceptual disaggregation of perfect and exchange mobility, and (b) the imposition of an ordered component within each (K. Hope, 1981, Sociology 15, 19–55). The outcome of this generalization is a simple yet powerful account of mobility in Britain.     

Disablism in the lives of people living with a chronic illness in England and Portugal

This article is based on research about the daily lives of people living with chronic illnesses in England and Portugal. Through the first-person narratives of participants, I argue that the lives of people living with debilitating chronic illnesses are affected by disablism, discrimination and exclusion. These aspects affect them in several important realms of life such as lack of or poor social support, difficulties in obtaining reasonable adjustments or the inability to obtain any kind of state support at all. These aspects are also widespread and compound and greatly influence their lives, beyond or in addition to the physical experience of the illness itself. I conclude that it is fundamental to change these structural and policy aspects and that people should have access to what I have termed a paradigm of sustained well-being, despite the illness.     

1517年伦敦五朔节骚乱原因初探

1517年发生的伦敦五朔节骚乱属于典型的群体性突发事件。它是在近代早期英国经济快速发展与城市社会关系日趋复杂的背景下发生的。因经济竞争而引发的民族排外情绪是骚乱发生的思想动力；学徒处境地位的恶化则是骚乱发生的主要原因；自负、偏狭的民族心理成为了骚乱的助推力；政府处置措施的不当则诱发了骚乱的发生。多种因素综合作用使得五朔节骚乱得以突然发生。     

英国公务员绩效评估的实践及其启示

英国公务员绩效评估的内容、程序和标准经过多次改革，在实践中取得了良好的成效。相比较而言，我国的公务员绩效评估虽然取得了一定的成效，但仍存在着一些问题，需要借鉴英国公务员绩效评估的实践经验予以改进。     

试析英国割占中国香港的外交政策及其特点

文章主要阐述了英国割占香港这一对华政策及其特点,首先,从中国割占一块领土(香港)本身是英国长时期对华外交的既定政策和目标。其次,英国处心积虑三次割占香港是其在华占领一地外交政策的具体实施。再次,英国割占香港的外交手段随着各个时期的具体条件和环境变化发生着相应的调整和变化。最后,在割占香港的过程中,为与其他国家争夺在华权益,英国传统的“均势外交”起着独特而重要的作用。     

Making Sense of Organizational Change: Voices of Older Volunteers

The role of voluntary and community sector organizations in the delivery of public services is increasing and these changes bring new responsibilities and benefits to organizations that have the capacity to participate. There are concerns within the sector about the implications for citizenship and participation. The sector is highly dependent on volunteers yet little is known about how organizational change in response to new relationships with the statutory sector impact upon the commitment and well-being of people who volunteer. This paper addresses that gap in knowledge for older volunteers. Drawing upon collaborative research with a voluntary organization in the north of England, the authors explore the meanings and aspirations of volunteering for older people, and explain how and why changes associated with closer engagement with public service delivery and less grant dependency can be disempowering for them.

乔治·艾略特矛盾的女性主义观及其背景渊源

英国女作家乔治·艾略特杰出的成就使其被公认为维多利亚时期最伟大的女作家之一。但是，她对于女性主义的态度却十分矛盾，一方面支持女性在婚姻、教育和职业上争取自己的权益；另一方面则高度赞扬女性的克己、屈从和自我牺牲等品质。