Centacare in the Northern Territory

Abstract

At the present time, social work in England finds itself at the crossroads. Against a backdrop of economic globalisation, it has been caught up in New Labour's modernising policy discourse that has recast social justice in terms of opportunity, inclusion, and “choice”. More recently, this has been extended by the introduction of a “respect agenda”, a reaction to the loss of community cohesion and the rise in antisocial behaviour. In the present article, two alternative paradigmatic responses are explored reflecting a debate between evidence-based practice (EBP) and critical practice (CP). These may be juxtaposed because they offer different visions of what social work could become in the future while providing two important reference points against which current practice may be judged. Whereas the former has been depicted as a “search for certainty” that largely complements the modernising discourse, CP works with both certainty and uncertainty in the quest for more emancipatory change. In practice, English social workers may manage such contradictions by looking down both roads and incorporating elements of both in their practice: adopting elements of EBP to justify their interventions and become more research minded while embracing aspects of CP to engage with structural issues that lie at the root of injustice.     

Understanding the Planning Challenges of Brownfield Development in Coastal Urban Areas of England

Coastal settlements, whether rooted in port, defence or tourism economies, have experienced considerable economic, social and environmental change over the last 30–40 years, which has often resulted in building obsolescence and vacant land. Brownfield sites, especially on the waterfront, are strategically valuable, but can be constrained by costs of treatment, the fragmentation of available plots, complex landownership and declining property values. This paper addresses the need for a better understanding of the characteristics of brownfield land in English coastal communities and the challenges faced by planning in the regeneration of these sites through an analysis of the National Land Use Database and a survey of Heads of Planning Service. There is a plentiful supply of brownfield sites on the coast, but one-fifth requires remedial treatment and over half is concentrated in the ‘coastal challenges’ cluster. Economic circumstances and frequent policy shifts have impeded the redevelopment of brownfield land on the coast and forced greater pressure onto greenfield sites.     

中世纪英国货币治理问题初探——基于英王货币政策的考察

货币治理伴随着货币制度的形成而出现。中世纪英国货币治理问题是由自然磨损、削剪、伪造、私运货币和贵金属外流等现象所引起。鉴于此,英王颁布法令严惩货币流通中的违法行为,并派人搜查主要港口和市场上的商旅以抵制劣币的流入和使用、严禁汇票的使用以防本土货币的外流、大规模重铸货币以改善货币流通。上述治理举措体现了英王货币政策的主要特征,即控制货币的铸造和发行、肃清流通中的国外劣质货币、保持货币的高标准、反对国内贵金属的输出。中世纪英王货币治理的举措及其成功经验,如高度控制铸币权和货币价值,对当代中国的货币管制具有十分重要的借鉴意义。     

试析近代早期英国对乞讨的限制

乞讨是人类历史上长期存在的社会现象,在近代早期,英国对乞讨进行了区别对待,分别给以惩罚和救济。此时,英国乞讨限制呈现出三管齐下的基本特征：精英献策、政府立法和城镇执行。英国对乞讨限制的这一特征使它有力地遏制住乞讨这一社会痼疾,从而保证了英国顺利地实现向近代社会的转型。     

论17世纪初英国民众争取司法独立的斗争及其原因

科克严厉批判了君权神授的专制主义思想观念,为17世纪初英国民众争取司法独立奠定了思想基础。斗争主要集中在普通法的主导地位、特权法庭的合法性和国王对司法的干预等问题上,其实质是专制王权和法治两种本质对立因素的你死我活的激烈斗争。中等阶层的壮大和货币经济的发展,是这一时期英国争取司法独立斗争的根本原因。     

英国中世纪“拓殖运动”影响探析

英国“拓殖运动”是指发生在11～13世纪的大规模移民、拓边行为。它不仅是一种社会活动,而且是当时社会生产力发展的一种表现形式。它与城市的兴起构成了这一时期最为瞩目的经济活动,其意义重大,影响深远。“拓殖运动”不仅推动了英国社会经济的繁荣发展和农奴解放运动的进行,也促使封建主对庄园内部的生产关系进行了局部调整,稳定了社会秩序。     

论哈代宿命论产生缘由

哈代的大部分小说都包含着悲观主义宿命论。对他而言,人类总是被一种超自然力所压制着,他把这种力量归结为先定的命运。文章分析了哈代的成长经历及其所生活的维多利亚时代背景,探讨了达尔文进化论和斯宾塞哲学在哈代宿命论形成过程中的作用。     

‘Replacement Care’ for Working Carers? A Longitudinal Study in England, 2013–15

In the context of rising need for long‐term care, reconciling unpaid care and carers’ employment is becoming an important social issue. In England, there is increasing policy emphasis on paid services for the person cared for, sometimes known as ‘replacement care’, to support working carers. Previous research has found an association between ‘replacement care’ and carers’ employment. However, more information is needed on potential causal connections between services and carers’ employment. This mixed methods study draws on new longitudinal data to examine service receipt and carers’ employment in England. Data were collected from carers who were employed in the public sector, using self‐completion questionnaires in 2013 and 2015, and qualitative interviews were conducted with a sub‐sample of respondents to the 2015 questionnaire. We find that, where the person cared for did not receive at least one ‘key service’ (home care, personal assistant, day care, meals, short‐term breaks), the carer was subsequently more likely to leave employment because of caring, suggesting that the absence of services contributed to the carer leaving work. In the interviews, carers identified specific ways in which services helped them to remain in employment. We conclude that, if a policy objective is to reduce the number of carers leaving employment because of caring, there needs to be greater access to publicly‐funded services for disabled and older people who are looked after by unpaid carers.     

浅论维多利亚时期英国女性文学发展的难言之痛

长久以来文学一直被视作是男性领地和男性实现文化价值观的专制武器,女性文学在1840年前曾是一片落寞之地。从两个方面分析了维多利亚时期女性文学发展的难言之痛：大批风格各异的女性作家被缩减、归并为少数几位伟大的作家,而由此总结出女性作家的全部理论;以男性文本和男性经验为中心的文学评论界对女性文学实行双重评价标准,很难真正从理论上评价女性作家和女性文学。     

Social Enterprise – A New Phenomenon in the Field of Economic and Social Welfare?

Drawing upon insights from historical institutionalism, this article critically examines the origins of social enterprise and its emergence into the mainstream policy arena. It begins by relating the social enterprise idea to major non‐state/non‐private institutional traditions, including the European social economy, US non‐profits and the UK charitable sector, and places it within the specific field of economic and social welfare. In so doing, the article contests the idea that social enterprise is a new phenomenon in the social welfare field and proposes instead that the supposed ‘novelty’ of social enterprise as an organizational form and a subject of public policy lies primarily in the nature of the socio‐political and economic context of the 1980s–1990s, during which time it became ‘en vogue’. The process of institutionalization of social enterprise and its ascension into the mainstream policy arena is examined in more detail in the case of England during the time New Labour was in office and beyond, and lessons are drawn from this experience concerning both the role that social enterprise plays or is expected to play as a vehicle to address economic and social needs, and how this is intertwined with both a dominant neo‐liberal discourse, as well as alternative perspectives that emphasize more equalitarian and sustainable development paths. The article concludes with some reflections in relation to the apparent consensus that seems to exist around social enterprise as a legitimate subject of public policy and the resulting social enterprization of public services which is currently taking place in England.