Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

湖北省高校科技成果转化的现状调查与分析

通过对高校科技工作管理者、高校教师以及部分企业的调研发现,目前影响湖北省高校科技成果转化的因素主要是政府管理、资金投入、高校观念转变与机制创新、企业重视等方面,并提出相应的对策与建议.     

体验、解析、会通——张岱年哲学方法论的综合创新

体验、解析、会通的有机统一,是张岱年《天人五论》所建构的哲学方法论。这种方法论排斥直觉法,因而不同于现代新儒家和清华学派的哲学家;同时,它把辩证法看成一般的学术方法而非独立的哲学方法,这又使其不同于当时的新唯物论者。这种方法论是在综合中西哲学方法以及近现代各派哲学方法基础上的一个综合创造。     

水杨酸-邻菲罗啉三元稀土配合物的合成、表征及抑菌作用

在无水乙醇溶液中合成了六种水杨酸-邻菲罗啉-三元稀土配合物,采用元素分析,红外光谱,差热热重等测试方法进行表征,确定配合物的化学组成为RE(Phen)2(Sa l)2C l.H2O(RE=L a3+,P r3+,N d3+,Sm3+,G d3+,D y3+).研究了稀土配合物的抑菌活性,结果表明三元稀土配合物的抑菌效果较单独的稀土氯化物、邻菲罗啉和水杨酸好.     

"燕许大手笔"文学内质解读

初盛唐之际的燕国公张说、许国公苏廷页,乃玄宗朝的文章圣手,时号"燕许大手笔"。他们的文章形式严整,典雅宏丽,在当时产生了一定的影响。历代为君主服务的文人不计其数,独有张说、苏廷页以"大手笔"并列驰名文坛,并多次被唐以后的文论家提及。"燕许大手笔"到底体现了怎样的文学内质,仍是唐代散文研究中有待深入探讨的问题。     

Test for homogeneity in Hardy–Weinberg normal mixture model

The phenotype of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) is often modeled by a finite mixture of normal distributions. If the QTL effect depends on the number of copies of a specific allele one carries, then the mixture model has three components. In this case, the mixing proportions have a binomial structure according to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In the search for QTL, a significance test of homogeneity against the Hardy–Weinberg normal mixture model alternative is an important first step. The LOD score method, a likelihood ratio test used in genetics, is a favored choice. However, there is not yet a general theory for the limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic in the presence of unknown variance. This paper derives the limiting distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic, which can be described by the supremum of a quadratic form of a Gaussian process. Further, the result implies that the distribution of the modified likelihood ratio statistic is well approximated by a chi-squared distribution. Simulation results show that the approximation has satisfactory precision for the cases considered. We also give a real-data example.     

犹在镜中——论张爱玲小说的电影感

在中国现代文学史上,不能说张爱玲是伟大的,但可以说她是深刻的.张爱玲的小说创作是富有特色的,她总是善于通过独特的视角去体味人生、阐释生命.她的小说是时代的记录、心灵的感言.她善于捕捉声、色、画、影去刻画人物,其电影化的创作方法很有新意.     

失独家庭有限代孕权利的国家保障

我国失独家庭数量甚为庞大，其特殊保障问题已为社会关注热点，尤其是最为突出的再生育问题。由于失独家庭大都丧失生育能力，代孕乃是其实现再生育的主要途径。基于失独家庭的特殊性，对其有限开放代孕并不违反伦理道德，在法理和情理上也均具有合理性，且失独家庭因遵守国家计划生育政策而承受了失独的不利后果，故其选择代孕方式实现再生育的行为应当获得国家保障。国家不仅应当通过代孕类型、代孕条件、代孕程序等方面的制度构建来保障代孕的有序运行，还应通过扶助模式、扶助资金、扶助标准等方面的制度构建来对失独家庭代孕予以必要救助。     

中国林史学科的奠基人——纪念张钧成先生逝世一周年

张钧成先生是我国著名的林业历史学家.该文从林业史学科建设、林业史研究概况、中国古代林业通史、中国古代林业思想和传统文化、林业科技史和经济史、近现代林业史等研究领域,概述了张先生的学术成就,并回顾了张先生高尚的人生哲学和宝贵的治学经验.张先生的研究成果和治学经验,为我国林史学科的发展奠定了基础.     

张爱玲小说的讽刺艺术

张爱玲小说的讽刺中渗透着的苍凉气息,时代、家庭、个人等方面的影响,是这种独特审美情致形成的原因.张爱玲小说的讽刺艺术主要表现在对乖讹的展现,苍凉的底色的铺设以及独特情致的追求上.