Nonparametric M-regression with free knot splines

Many problems of practical interest can be formulated as the nonparametric estimation of a certain function such as a regression function, logistic or other generalized regression function, density function, conditional density function, hazard function, or conditional hazard function. Extended linear modeling provides a convenient theoretical framework for using polynomial splines and their selected tensor products in such function estimation problems and especially for obtaining rates of convergence of the resulting estimates in a unified manner. For a long time the theoretical results were restricted to fixed knot splines and to log-likelihood functions that were twice continuously differentiable. Recently, Stone and Huang extended the theory to handle free knot splines. In the present paper, the theory is further extended to handle contexts in which the log-likelihood function may not be differentiable. Specifically, we establish rates of convergence for estimation based on free knot splines in the context of nonparametric regression corresponding to M-estimates, which includes least absolute deviations (LAD) regression, quantile regression, and robust regression as special cases.     

论物权的民法保护之范式——以物上请求权与侵权请求权为中心考察

物权的民法保护不仅涉及物权的安全,还决定了民法责任体系的构架.物权保护有不同方式,即侵权请求权方式、物上请求权方式和物上请求权-侵权请求权方式.其中第三种方式具有合理性,建议我国采纳该范式.物权保全请求权具有适宜保护绝对权利的特点,我国绝对权保护可准此建立.     

入世后山东省分富分化问题研究

中国加入世贸组织将直接影响到社会成员的未来贫富分化状况,它将分别通过个人自致性因素和社会结构性因素重构未来贫富分化的新格局。山东省作为沿海开放省份,同时也是一个农业大省,入世后社会成员贫富分化的格局将发生一定的变化。了解贫富分化的大体趋势并且采用适当的策略来控制过度的贫富差距,对山东社会的稳定发展具有重要的现实作用。     

论仲裁条款独立性原则

在商事仲裁立法中,对仲裁独立性原则有两种立场:相对独立与绝对独立。大多数国家采取了绝对独立的立场,但在我国的法律中,这两种现点均有反映。通过对仲裁条款独立性原则的法理分析,我国法律应坚持仲裁条款绝对独立的立场,摒弃相对独立的立法规定。     

De l'unicité des estimateurs robustes en régression lorsque le paramètre d'échelle et le paramètre de la régression sont estimés simultanément

Several methods have been suggested to calculate robust M- and G-M -estimators of the regression parameter β and of the error scale parameter σ in a linear model. This paper shows that, for some data sets well known in robust statistics, the nonlinear systems of equations for the simultaneous estimation of β, with an M-estimate with a redescending ψ-function, and σ, with the residual median absolute deviation (MAD), have many solutions. This multiplicity is not caused by the possible lack of uniqueness, for redescending ψ-functions, of the solutions of the system defining β with known σ; rather, the simultaneous estimation of β and σ together creates the problem. A way to avoid these multiple solutions is to proceed in two steps. First take σ as the median absolute deviation of the residuals for a uniquely defined robust M-estimate such as Huber's Proposal 2 or the L₁-estimate. Then solve the nonlinear system for the M-estimate with σ equal to the value obtained at the first step to get the estimate of β. Analytical conditions for the uniqueness of M and G-M-estimates are also given.     

Self-weighted least absolute deviation estimation for infinite variance autoregressive models

Summary.  How to undertake statistical inference for infinite variance autoregressive models has been a long-standing open problem. To solve this problem, we propose a self-weighted least absolute deviation estimator and show that this estimator is asymptotically normal if the density of errors and its derivative are uniformly bounded. Furthermore, a Wald test statistic is developed for the linear restriction on the parameters, and it is shown to have non-trivial local power. Simulation experiments are carried out to assess the performance of the theory and method in finite samples and a real data example is given. The results are entirely different from other published results and should provide new insights for future research on heavy-tailed time series.     

日语敬语演变进程之探讨

日语的敬语表达形式并非一成不变,它随着社会的发展而不断演变。本文通过诸多文学事例论证了绝对敬语向相对敬语过渡、话题敬语向对话敬语的倾斜、敬度减弱向敬度再增强发展、身份敬语向社交敬语变迁等敬语演变的四大主流进程,并就此对今后敬语的发展趋势做出展望。     

相对真理与绝对真理辩证关系新探

绝对、相对真理的关系一直是哲学理论界争论的焦点问题之一。在马克思主义发展史上,恩格斯第一次提出绝对、相对真理的概念,但是他并没有对这两个概念及其关系做出明确的说明与叙述。列宁试图解决这一问题,他发展、完善了马克思主义的真理观,提出了著名的“总和说”。而现行哲学教科书由于对列宁的“总和说”的错误理解,在两者关系的阐述上表现出了片面性和局限性。笔者认为,在这个问题上我们应该以一种辩证、发展、系统的观点来看待,以形成对这一问题的正确理解     

关于绝对真理和相对真理的再思考

绝对真理和相对真理是两种不同形式、不同性质的真理：即绝对形式的“相对真理之总和”与相对形式的个别真理.不能把每个真理中包含的绝对真理的成分,当成这个真理本身,所以不能说任何真理既是相对真理又是绝对真理.