The New Zealand Refugee Resettlement Strategy: implications for identity,acculturation and civic participation

The process of resettlement as a refugee often involves adapting to, and reconciling with, a new social reality. The complexities associated with acculturation across age, gender and family dynamics are navigated within greater social contexts that may encourage or hinder the processes of adjustment and settlement. This paper addresses the recent New Zealand Refugee Resettlement Strategy in light of contemporary theoretical developments with regard to the segmented assimilation thesis and the forms of social capital that, when available, may be mobilised to help refugee-background individuals, families and communities to forge new routes for participation and belonging. In particular, we examine the strategy and its five main goals of self-sufficiency, participation, health and well-being, education and housing as these relate to the possibilities and tensions at play in the wider acculturation experiences of New Zealand's diverse refugee populations.     

农民工社会认同的决定因素研究：基于上海的实证分析

本文首次从国际移民的涵化理论视角对农民工的社会认同方式及决定因素进行探讨,通过对上海市农民工抽样调查数据的实证分析发现,农民工作为国家内部城乡移民的重要组成部分,其社会认同存在以户籍为基础的制度性约束和以资源匮乏为特征的能动性限制。农民工社会认同主要受文化态度、社会交往、经济成功和社会环境四类变量的影响,农民工的个体人口统计特征也会影响城市认同的意愿。当地语言的熟练程度、与当地人交朋友的意愿（而非与外省市的农民工交朋友）、类似群体的收入地位水平、感知到的社会歧视程度和参与保险的程度都成为重要的决定因素。因此,公共政策的制定与执行应该要有助于农民工的心理层面的社会认同的转变,尤其是从“外地人”向“本地人”的认知转型。     

The Settlement Experiences Of Refugees From The Former Yugoslavia

In the 1990s many mixed marriage refugees from what was Yugoslavia settled in Perth, Australia. A mixed marriage is one where the parties have different ethnicities. Using multiple‐case, conversational interviews, the experiences of 12 of these refugees were explored. The processes of acculturation and adaptation, the development of social support networks and community, and their ethnic identity and ethnicity, were discussed and analysed within both the sociopolitical context of the conflict in what was Yugoslavia, and their subsequent migration. The initial settlement programmes and supports to the refugees and provided by Australia's government and community groups were also analysed. The results illustrated the diversity of experiences of the participants as well as shared experiences resulting from their being in a mixed marriage. In summary, the results suggest that settlement is stressful for the refugees, that community‐based settlement programmes provide more positive settlement experiences than government programmes, and that people in mixed marriages experience particular stresses related to the political context in the former Yugoslavia, including a history of alienation and persecution. Theoretically the results indicate that the participants are moving towards an acculturation outcome of biculturalism. The complex nature of their ethnic identity and ethnicity is also discussed.     

The Influence of Cultural Adaptation on Hispanic-Americans and Japanese-Americans

The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of cultureon the values of Japanese-Americans and Hispanic-Americans. TheJapanese-American sample and Hispanic-American sample are firstlooked at individually to determine which values are more alignedwith the modern culture (American), and which values are morealigned with the traditional culture (Japanese or Hispanic). These two samples are then compared with each other to determinewhich nationality adapts more easily to the new culturalenvironment. Based on these analyses, a predictionregarding the susceptibility of certain values to culturaladaptation is attempted. Finally, the limitations of the presentstudy and the directions for future research are discussed andexplored.     

Connecting Complex Processes: A Decade of Research on Immigrant Families

This review examines research on immigrant families in the United States from the past decade from multiple disciplinary perspectives. This work has used variations on assimilation and acculturation perspectives. In the case of the assimilation perspectives, the focus has largely been on family formation, whereas research using acculturation perspectives has focused more on intrafamily relationships. But, over the course of the decade, an interesting integrative model has emerged to address interactions of attitudes and values with structural conditions in the receiving and sending communities. Some of this effort to integrate perspectives can be found in studies of transnational families. The review concludes with some suggestions for continuing this integration and expanding studies to include dynamics of migration and family processes simultaneously.     

舒曼文化合流理论的反思与建构

舒曼的文化合流理论是最具代表性的第二语言获得研究理论之一。从阐释学的理论角度出发,重释并建构文化合流理论的元理论问题,证明文化合流理论对于第二语言获得的合理性,并从交往行为理论的角度出发,指出良好的语言交往环境的建构能够促进文化合流。     

Language Acculturation,Acculturation‐Related Stress,and Marital Quality in Chinese American Couples

The current study examines the longitudinal indirect pathways linking language acculturation to marital quality. Three waves of data were collected from 416 Chinese American couples for 8 years (M_age.wave1 = 48 for husbands, 44 for wives). Actor–partner interdependence model analyses revealed that for both husbands and wives, lower levels of language acculturation were associated with higher levels of stress over being stereotyped as a perpetual foreigner. Individuals' foreigner stress, in turn, was directly related to greater levels of their own and their partners' marital warmth, suggesting that foreigner stress may have some positive relational effects. However, individuals' foreigner stress also was associated with increases in their own depressive symptoms, which predicted higher levels of marital hostility in the partner. Overall, these results underscore the complexity of how language acculturation and foreigner stress relate to marital quality and the importance of considering the interdependence of the marital system.     

Bhutanese refugee adolescents’ school adjustment: the role of acculturation and familial social capital

With the rise of conflict, persecution, and generalised violence worldwide there has been a drastic increase in the number of refugee youth displaced globally. Particularly noteworthy is the recent increase of Bhutanese refugee youth populations resettled in the United States. Despite this increase, surprisingly few studies distinctly address the promotive factors related to refugee youth’s successful adjustment within their new school settings upon resettlement. This study aims to add to the scholarship through a resiliency lens. The potential promotive associations of familial social capital and acculturation identity on Bhutanese refugee youth’s successful school adjustment were explored. Moreover, this study examined the unique additive predictive association of familial social capital on Bhutanese refugee youth’s school adjustment over and above the effects of acculturation. The results indicate a significant additive positive relationship between familial social capital and school adjustment, beyond the effects of ethnic identity.     

少数民族文化适应、职业社会认知与就业压力——少数民族职业问题研究路径

少数民族职业问题是关系各民族的共同团结奋斗和共同繁荣发展的重要课题。整合少数民族文化适应、职业社会认知和就业压力三个问题,探索之间的关系模型,有助于深入研究少数民族职业中的文化心理问题,促进少数民族职业教育工作的顺利开展。     

Identity development,acculturation among Bowbazar Chinese community

ABSTRACT

The development of identity is a procedure of individual change that can take place along various spheres of social and cultural domains. The concept of identity is always remaining fundamental in the process of acculturation and adaptation. The prominence or value has been particularly given on Chinese community of Bowbazar which is an enclave community. The study aims to elucidate that the immigrant groups adjust to the host society by persistent identity development especially by adjusting and adapting to altered or homogenize identity which is most supported along with the integration strategies. The study has been conducted on the basis of qualitative approach as well as quantitative approach. Responses from the community revealed, that the Chinese community of Bowbazar Chinatown through ages is not only able to adapt ideals, values, and behaviors of host culture but also able to retain their ideals, values and beliefs of their own cultures of origin.