“以人为本”里“本”的含义辨析

“以人为本”里“本”的含义有各种不同的解读，应当加以辨析。本文认为，“以人为本”里“本”的含义，首先具有本体论的含义，即人的社会物质劳动生产实践是人类社会历史的本体；其次具有价值论的含义，即在价值体系结构里以人的价值为本，人的价值与物的价值相比较居于第一位，是最高的最重要的根本性的价值；再次，具有认识论的含义，即人是认识的主体，又是当代认识论的根本对象和研究主题。     

试析康德“美的分析”四命题的独创性

康德认为“审美”既不涉及概念,也不涉及任何法规,而是主观的行为。“审美”不涉利害,“美感”和“一般快感”以及“完善”不同之处,在于“美感”绝不涉及主体的欲望或需要。在此基础上,康德进而提出“审美”不经概念而具普遍性,“美”是在人类具有“共同感受力”的基础上“普遍可传达”的一种感受。同时,“审美”应该无目的而符合目的性,并具有不依赖概念的必然性。康德还通过对“纯粹美”和“依存美”的定义和比较,进一步开展对“理想美”的探求。     

中国传统音乐美育思想及其现代转型

在中国传统文化中音乐美育思想十分丰富。早在两千多年以前就备受中国儒家的重视,他们视音乐为道德教化的理想手段,甚至认为音乐美育还有淳化社会风气、和谐社会的作用。但由于过多地强调音乐与政治的关系,也使音乐美育带有一定的缺陷。随着近代社会的转型,西方音乐美学思想也影响到我国音乐文化的变革,在实践的摸索中,中国近代的音乐美育思想有了较大的转向,中国的有识之士顺应时代的要求,引进了西方的美育思想,并将之与中国传统文化相结合,形成了新的特色。     

Ecocultural Attributes: Evaluating Ecological Degradation in Terms of Ecological Goods and Services Versus Subsistence and Tribal Values

It is becoming increasingly clear that scientists, managers, lawyers, public policymakers, and the public must decide how to value what is provided by, and is a consequence of, natural resources. While “Western” scientists have clear definitions for the goods and services that ecosystems provide, we contend that these categories do not encompass the full totality of the values provided by natural resources. Partly the confusion results from a limited view of natural resources derived from the need to monetize the value of ecosystems and their component parts. Partly it derives from the “Western” way of separating natural resources from cultural resources or values, and partly it derives from the false dichotomy of assuming that ecosystems are natural, and anything constructed by man is not natural. In this article, we explore the previous assumptions, and suggest that because cultural resources often derive from, and indeed require, intact and unspoiled natural ecosystems or settings, that these values are rightly part of natural resources. The distinction is not trivial because of the current emphasis on cleaning up chemically and radiologically contaminated sites, on restoration of damaged ecosystems, on natural resource damage assessments, and on long‐term stewardship goals. All of these processes depend upon defining natural resources appropriately. Several laws, regulations, and protocols depend upon natural resource trustees to protect natural resources on trust lands, which could lead to the circular definition that natural resources are those resources that the trustees feel they are responsible for. Where subsistence or tribal peoples are involved, the definition of natural resources should be broadened to include those ecocultural attributes that are dependent upon, and have incorporated, natural resources. For example, a traditional hunting and fishing ground is less valued by subsistence peoples if it is despoiled by contamination or physical ecosystem degradation; an Indian sacred ground is tarnished if the surrounding natural environment is degraded; a traditional homeland is less valued if the land itself is contaminated. Our argument is that intact natural resources are essential elements of many cultural resources, and this aspect requires and demands adequate consideration (and may therefore require compensation).     

试论英文杂志《天下月刊》的文化价值

英文杂志《天下月刊》于1935年8月在上海创刊、由中国知识分子主办。作为一份全英文期刊,它倡导中西文化交流的理念,着力将中国文化译介传播到国外。作为作品发表的园地与文化交流的载体,《天下月刊》刊载了大量文化评论与文学译文,具有丰富的文化与文学价值,并为中国文学尤其是现代文学向外传播开拓了先河。     

蔡元培的美育思想与西方美学

蔡元培美学思想作为他教育思想的重要组成部分,是他批判地继承了中国传统文化中的合理内容,吸收了康德、席勒等西方先进美学思想,并加以创新的产物。他以审美的普遍性和超脱性为理论依据,将其美学思想结合到培养完善健全人格和改造社会的实践中,对中国近代教育产生了积极而深远的影响。     

"启蒙理性的审美置换"——论《哦,香雪》、《没有纽扣的红衬衫》的现代性及其文学史地位

以新时期初期的文学实践为背景,从现代性的视野中考察铁凝作为启蒙知识分子身份认同及其创作,可以揭示在80年代特殊的历史时刻和政治意识形态空间中,铁凝与其他知识分子由于身份、代际和经历不同所造成的不同的文学话语和意义。铁凝初期创作中以强烈的知识分子主体意识和理性启蒙精神,通过对少女香雪、安然的塑造建构了真正意义上现代性的独立人格和自我主体形象,使《哦,香雪》、《没有纽扣的红衬衫》在新时期文坛首先发出了“立人”的声音,并以其独特的艺术美感开启了新时期文学“个人化”叙事的源头。     

2006年北京地区大学应届毕业生职业价值观调查研究

本研究旨在考察当代大学毕业生的择业意向与职业价值观。本研究以2006年北京地区大学应届毕业生为研究对象,使用自编的问卷调查了北京25所大学的425名应届毕业生。调查结果揭示,当代大学生看重的职业价值观呈现8因子的结构模型,同时本文探讨了影响大学生择业的因素,并以此为基础考察我国青年学生择业标准的变迁及其原因。最后,根据调查结果对学校、政府和企业提出了建议。     

新乡贤助推乡村振兴战略实现的路径研究

乡村振兴重在“人才振兴”,只有解决好了人的问题,乡村才能真正振兴,因而推动各类人才尤其是吸引新乡贤参与家乡各项事业发展,成为实现乡村振兴战略的客观要求。新乡贤作为实现乡村振兴战略的重要力量,在全面推进乡村振兴过程中对产业振兴、人才振兴、文化振兴、生态振兴和组织振兴等都发挥着积极作用,但在实践中暴露出一些突出问题,诸如对新乡贤认识定位不清晰、缺乏情感沟通、实践渠道受阻以及权益保障不到位等。为此,需要通过多种舆论宣传确保新乡贤“时刻挂念家乡”、加强日常情感联系推动新乡贤“经常回来走走”和注重多措并举鼓励支持新乡贤“共谋家乡发展”等实施路径,来不断提升新乡贤在乡村振兴中的工作实效性。     

Japanese and American Children's Reasoning about Accepting Credit for Prosocial Behavior

Children's reasoning about the appropriateness of accepting credit for one's own prosocial behavior was examined. Participants aged 7–11 years old in Japan and the USA (total N = 206) were presented with a series of stories in which a protagonist performs a good deed and is asked about it by another character. Across stories, the protagonist either truthfully acknowledges the deed or falsely denies it, in a statement that is made either in public or in private, and is addressed to either a teacher or to a peer. As predicted, Japanese children judged protagonists less favorably when they acknowledged the good deed in public rather than in private. Further, Japanese children tended to view modest lies more favorably overall than did children in the USA. These results point to the importance of modesty in Japan and to the ways in which Japanese children take into account the social context of communication when deciding whether it is appropriate for individuals to convey information about themselves.