挫折教育与大学生犯罪原因探析

挫折侵犯理论的提出,有助于重新思考犯罪问题.犯罪行为根源于犯罪人受挫后无力解决而产生的暴力行为,大学生犯罪亦如此.大学生犯罪与大学生的认知、心态、性格、意志有关,是多种挫折因素综合作用的偏差结果.对大学生进行挫折教育,提高大学生的承挫能力,对预防大学生犯罪大有裨益.     

试论“满铁”对东北地区教育事业的摧残*

日本侵华之后,立即就在中国东北地区实施奴化教育,这是中国近代教育史上最耻辱的一页。“满铁”打着公司 的幌子,背地里却主导着对东北地区的奴化教育,给整个中华民族造成了不可愈合的创伤。因此有必要从客观历史的角度出 发,分析伪满统治时期,日本帝国主义特别是“满铁”在我国东北沦陷区实施奴化教育的罪恶行径,论述奴化教育对东北地区的 恶劣影响,并唤醒年轻一代,牢记日本军国主义犯下的滔天罪行,这有助于青少年树立正确的历史观,培养深厚的爱国主义情 怀,将自身的发展与中华民族伟大复兴结合起来,为谱写“中国梦”的美好篇章而贡献力量。     

A sociology of bullying: Placing youth aggression in social context

In this paper we review the sociological literature on peer aggression among adolescents and demonstrate how it can form the basis of a new subfield in sociology on the subject of bullying. Although sociologists have mostly avoided the term bullying in classic works on adolescent aggression, these studies suggest that institutional social control, status hierarchies and social inequalities provide important social context for youth aggression. While historically they have not been in dialog with each other, when taken together sociological research on youth status relations and social networks, systemic bias, school culture and social ecology can lay the foundation of a sociology of bullying. We suggest that if sociologists see this work as shedding light on issues of bullying, they can begin to play a larger role in the shaping of the national conversation on bullying and influence anti-bullying programs in schools to take better account of the social dimensions of bullying.     

Social intelligence as moderator in the relation between narcissism and aggression in at-risk adolescents

This study examined the moderating role of social intelligence (SI) in the associations of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism (VN) with peer-reported overt and relational aggression (RA). The sample consisted of 286 adolescents aged 15 to 19 recruited from a residential program for youth who have dropped out of school. Results showed that whereas grandiose narcissism (GN) was related to both forms of aggression, VN was related to neither overt nor RA. However, SI moderated the relation between VN and both forms of aggression such that SI works as either a risk or protective factor for adolescents with higher levels of narcissism depending on the subdimensions of SI and aggression. The findings indicate that SI may play a role in how adolescent peers perceive the behavior of relatively narcissistic individuals.     

Alcohol and violence

Research indicates a strong relationship between drinking and violent crime. Aggression and heavy drinking may be associated in the same people, therefore it is instructive to see how the development of violence interacts with the development of drinking across the lifespan. A developmental pathway is traced across the lifespan, indicating how certain individual characteristics independently increase the likelihood of both drinking and violence, and how the ways certain individuals interact with their social environment increase the likelihood of both drinking and violence. Attention is paid to the pharmacological and cognitive effects of alcohol in relation to aggressive behaviour. In tracing a developmental pathway, the risk factors for alcohol‐related violence are identified, indicating appropriate targets for prevention and intervention. Since generally violent men form one subgroup of perpetrators of domestic violence, this subgroup being more severely violent and characterized by being themselves abused as children, having witnessed parental violence and having high rates of substance use, and because witnessing or experiencing violence breeds the next generation of perpetrators of domestic violence, it is important to break the cycle by recognizing and changing violent individuals, as well as preventing further damage to their offspring. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing a Research Agenda on Resident-to-Resident Aggression: Recommendations From a Consensus Conference

This article provides an overview of the development of a research agenda on resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) in long-term care facilities by an expert panel of researchers and practitioners. A 1-day consensus-building workshop using a modified Delphi approach was held to gain consensus on nomenclature and an operational definition for RRA, to identify RRA research priorities, and to develop a roadmap for future research on these priorities. Among the six identified terms in the literature, RRA was selected. The top five priorities were: (a) developing/assessing RRA environmental interventions; (b) identification of the environmental factors triggering RRA; (c) incidence/prevalence of RRA; (d) developing/assessing staff RRA education interventions; and (e) identification of RRA perpetrator and victim characteristics. Given the significant harm RRA poses for long-term care residents, this meeting is an important milestone, as it is the first organized effort to mobilize knowledge on this under-studied topic at the research, clinical, and policy levels.     

Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Childhood: Some Critical Methodological Reflections

This article attempts to analyze the prevalence rates of sexual abuse in childhood reported in comparative empirical studies, giving an overview of a selection of representative studies reporting high rates of abuse and comparing it to an overview of studies reporting lower rates. Extremely discrepant rates of childhood sexual abuse are reported in a number of empirical studies conducted in this field over the past 26 years, particularly those looking beyond prevalence to study the links between this type of trauma and future motherhood. To shed light on the disparities in the reported prevalence rates, the article reviews the principal methodological biases that have contaminated the findings. The authors then offer several suggestions for improvement that might be implemented in future studies.     

Examining Sex Differences in the Use of Direct and Indirect Aggression

Direct and indirect aggressive behaviors were studied using surveys and interviews of students in two public schools. The variables of “sex-of-aggressor” and “sex-of-target” were included. Claims in previous research that girls engage in far more indirect aggression than boys are not supported. Further, it was found that girls are more likely to target the opposite sex with direct aggression than boys. This suggests more gender fluidity in the use of aggression by girls and adds to a growing body of research that dispels the notion that direct and indirect aggression can be neatly sorted into male and female categories of behavior.

工作场所偏离行为的研究发展回顾及展望

工作场所偏离行为是企业普遍存在的亟待解决的问题,但国内的学术界对此议题的研究相对匮乏。该文献整理了工作场所偏离行为研究的发展的三个阶段:早期零散研究阶段、起步阶段和发展阶段,借以加深学术界对这一组织行为学新兴的研究议题的理解和重视。     

论侵略罪

由于侵略罪是一种严重危及国际和平与安全的国际犯罪,所以,《国际刑事法院罗马规约》将侵略罪规定为国际刑事法院有权管辖的四类犯罪之一。但是,由于在《罗马规约》起草过程中对侵略罪的定义始终未取得共识,使得该罪成为国际刑事法院所管辖的犯罪中唯一未被界定的犯罪。《罗马规约》生效后成立的国际刑事法院预备委员会提出了《侵略罪提案综合案文》,该案文必须得到《罗马规约》缔约国大会的正式通过,才能生效。