从发生主义和连接主义角度看语言石化现象

发生主义语言观认为语言是动态的、复杂的、无秩序的、不可预测的、开放的、无限的、非线性的、受到初始状态和反馈影响的、具有适应性和自我调节的系统。从发生主义的角度看来,语言习得是习得者固有的认知能力和所处的语言、文化、社会环境相互作用产生的结果。发生主义用连接主义理性关联学习理论和注意假设诠释语言、二语习得和石化现象产生的原因,并提出用聚焦形式的方式对突显性较低的结构进行干预,从而预防、解决石化现象。     

空间指示语多维视角研究述评

语言哲学家侧重分析了空间指示语的意义特征。语用学和话语分析领域的研究者讨论了空间指示语的用法、语篇功能、语法化以及影响空间指示语选择的因素。传统语言学领域开展了空间指示语的起源、句法特征和英汉对比等方面的研究。在认知心理学领域,研究者努力从注意、可及性等方面去揭示人们使用和理解空间指示语时的心理状态。过去的研究还存在局限,人们期待着更多解释性和实证性的研究成果。     

Diverging patterns of interaction around news on social media: insularity and partisanship during the 2018 Italian election campaign

ABSTRACT

The paper considers how social media ecologies are affecting partisan engagement around political news and online attention economies by investigating the case of the 2018 Italian general election. By analyzing Twitter and Facebook interactions around political news in the lead-up to the election, we shed light on levels of insularity characterizing sources preferred by different partisan communities and investigate how specific patterns of active attention emerge around different sources and around stories proposing different framing of specific political actors. Our findings indicate that, on Twitter, sources mainly shared by supporters of populist parties (the Five Star Movement and the League) are characterized by higher levels of insularity compared to those shared by supporters of other parties. We also find that, on Facebook, news items published by highly insular sources receive a higher number of shares per comment. Finally, our analyses show that news presenting a positive framing of the Five Star Movement – the unique ‘cyber party’ in the system – receives a higher number of shares per comment compared to items presenting the Movement in a negative light, while the opposite is true for stories on all other political parties.     

Parent–child negative emotion reciprocity and children's school success: An emotion‐attention process model

Research has demonstrated that emotions expressed in parent–child relationships are associated with children's school success. Yet the types of emotional expressions, and the mechanisms by which emotional expressions are linked with children's success in school, are unclear. In the present article, we focused on negative emotion reciprocity in parent–child interactions. Using structural equation modeling of data from 138 parent to child dyads [children's mean age at Time 1 (T1) was 13.44 years, SD = 1.16], we tested children's negative emotionality (CNE) at T1 and low attention focusing (LAF) at Time 2 (T2) as sequential mediators in the relation between parent and child negative emotion reciprocity at T1 and children's grade point average (GPA) and inhibitory control at T2. Our findings supported an emotion‐attention process model: parent–child negative emotion reciprocity at T1 predicted CNE at T1, which predicted children's LAF at T2, which was, in turn, related to low inhibitory control at T2. Findings regarding children's GPA were less conclusive but did suggest an overall association of negative reciprocity and the two mediators with children's GPA. Our findings are discussed in terms of emotion regulation processes in children from negatively reciprocating dyads, and the effects of these processes on children's ability to obtain and use skills needed for success in school.     

失地农民——一个亟需关注的弱势群体

失地农民——一个亟需关注的中国典型弱势群体,目前的情况变得愈来愈严重。在此之前已有不少专家学者进行过呼吁,但一直未能得到妥善的解决。本文从新时期失地农民的情况进行剖析,结合了许多当地实际问题,得出了不少有特殊见解的结论。     

ADHD远程反馈治疗系统的研究

利用脑电反馈治疗技术让注意力缺陷伴多动症(ADHD)患者在家里接受远程的评估和治疗是一种全新的远程医疗模式。该文提出了一种基于Multi-Agent的远程医疗系统的结构与协作模型,设计和实现了针对ADHD的远程评估和反馈治疗系统,建立基于多Agent协同的多参数评估决策体系,将层次分析法用于协同医疗决策和对ADHD的评估。系统结合评估结果指导脑电反馈仪对患者进行治疗,达到远程治疗ADHD的目的。     

媒介企业核心竞争力及其培育

为了能在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,商业企业越来越认识到培育核心竞争力的重要性。对于我国的媒介企业,随着开放政策逐步付诸实施和竞争态势的日益加剧,其培育核心竞争力的必要性也显得越来越迫切。本文在对大量文献进行评析的基础上,从媒介企业经营的核心环节———对受众注意力价值高度关注的角度出发,提出了媒介核心竞争力的培育,应该是合理的受众定位、适当的内容组织和有效的营销方式三者构成的完整系统的观点。     

高校思想政治辅导员参与教育管理的着眼点

思想政治辅导员是高校教育管理工作的中坚力量。思想政治辅导员要成功地参与教育管理,必须着眼于自身素质的提高与良好个人形象的塑造;着眼于强化管理以营造良好的班风学风;着眼于学生骨干的培养与后进生的教育引导;着眼于重视校园文化建设以丰富第二课堂,提高学生综合素质;着眼于做好学生就业指导与文明离校工作。     

对沉默者"实"利的坚守--论赵树理对农民的关注视角

三晋文化中"实"的浸染与底层人生阅历中对"实"的体认,使赵树理无论是参加社会革命实践活动,还是文艺创作,都把这种为农民"实"利的追寻当成了自己最高的价值取向.这种价值标准使赵树理在关注农村时呈现出与鲁迅异样的特色,同时造成了他一系列的命运波折.     

论广告信息促动的知觉机制

在广告对受众发生作用的过程中,注意力是受众接受和理解广告的第一道知觉屏障,广告影响受众的第二道知觉壁垒是受众对信息的解释和理解.因此,在广告信息战略和具体创意中,为创造能最大程度吸引人们注意的广告,必须做到三点:一是提供具有实际价值的信息;二是充分利用受众对信息的选择性接触;三是保持信息多样性;四是追求有趣性信息.广告信息在受到注意后,为了让信息转换朝预期方向发展,还必须创造诸多便于记忆的方式,帮助人们达成轻松自然的回忆,并促使受众由注意力转向理解.