反向预测加权邻域数据关联算法

标准最近邻域数据关联算法在杂波环境下可能出现误跟踪和丢失目标的现象。综合考虑相关波门内所有候选回波,提出了反向预测加权邻域数据关联算法。通过计算候选回波反向预测新息范数,归一化后作为各候选回波的加权系数,然后将候选回波加权和作为等效回波,并对目标的状态进行更新。该算法有效降低了最近邻域算法中误关联对跟踪效果的影响。仿真结果表明,该算法在保持较少计算量的同时,可有效避免误跟踪和丢失目标。     

高管激励调整、会计信息质量与公司股价崩盘风险

高管作为企业运营的核心主体,其薪酬激励方式的选择与调整是决定公司风险防控和未来发展的关键因素。以2007—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,实证检验了高管激励调整对公司股价崩盘风险的影响及作用机制。研究发现,高管激励调整、高管激励方式由现金调整为股票期权、高管激励调整次数上升均能够显著降低上市公司股价崩盘风险,且会计信息质量在高管激励调整对公司股价崩盘风险的影响中发挥了部分中介效应。异质性分析表明,高管激励调整对股价崩盘风险的缓解效应仅显著存在于处于成长期或成熟期(而非衰退期)以及分析师关注度较高的企业中。因此,企业应建立相对灵活的薪酬激励长效机制,根据不同生命周期设计合理的奖惩制度,并适度调整契约条款,进而防范公司股价崩盘风险。     

Process Tracing Analysis of Hurricane Information Displays

To study people's processing of hurricane forecast advisories, we conducted a computer‐based experiment that examined 11 research questions about the information seeking patterns of students assuming the role of a county emergency manager in a sequence of six hurricane forecast advisories for each of four different hurricanes. The results show that participants considered a variety of different sources of information—textual, graphic, and numeric—when tracking hurricanes. Click counts and click durations generally gave the same results but there were some significant differences. Moreover, participants’ information search strategies became more efficient over forecast advisories and with increased experience tracking the four hurricanes. These changes in the search patterns from the first to the fourth hurricane suggest that the presentation of abstract principles in a training manual was not sufficient for them to learn how to track hurricanes efficiently but they were able to significantly improve their search efficiency with a modest amount (roughly an hour) of practice. Overall, these data indicate that information search patterns are complex and deserve greater attention in studies of dynamic decision tasks.     

10.6μm激光大气通信的一种新的瞄准方案

窄光束的精确瞄准与跟踪是实现激光无纤通信,发挥其诱人特点的一个关键问题。本文针对激光大气通信给出了一个更简捷的自动瞄准方案。此方案无须要求通信系统具有能实现宽窄波束变换的光学系统,也不用预先解决收发天线共用的问题。整个方案的构思和系统结构图,以及系统主要参数的估算方法均在文内给出。本文讨论的内容对定点和非定点激光通信均有参考价值     

一种新的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法——ALR算法

本文提出一种新的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法——ALR(Adaptive Least Residual)算法.该算法从经典的卡尔曼滤波出发,使残差达到最小,以残差(residual)样本值代替统计值,再用最陡下降法估计算自适应权增益,最后得到一组自适应滤波公式.通过理论分析和计算机模拟,证明该算法具有算法简单、运算量小等优点,适于在自适应系统辨识、自适应谱估计中作实时处理.     

媒体关注的市场压力效应及其传导机制

以2006年-2011年中国A股上市公司为样本,基于盈余管理的视角,研究了媒体关注度的市场压力效应及其传导机制.实证结果表明,媒体关注度会通过提升个人投资者关注度形成市场压力效应,从而促进应计项目的盈余管理.进一步研究发现,媒体关注度的市场压力作用对非国有企业的影响显著高于对国有企业的影响.同时还从企业并购、大股东减持等角度进一步证实媒体关注度的市场压力效应主要源于公司的短期利益动机.     

Multiple Measures of Fixation on Social Content in Infancy: Evidence for a Single Social Cognitive Construct?

The preference of infants to fixate on social information in a stimulus is well known. We examine how this preference manifests across a series of free‐viewing tasks using different stimulus types. Participants were thirty typically developing infants. We measured eye movements when viewing isolated faces, faces alongside objects in a grid, and faces naturally presented in photographed scenes. In each task, infants fixated social content for longer than nonsocial content. Social preference scores representing distribution of fixation to social versus general image content were highly correlated and thus combined into a single composite measure, which was independent of demographic and behavioral measures. We infer that multiple eye‐tracking tasks can be used to generate a composite measure of social preference in infancy. This approach may prove useful in the early characterization of developmental disabilities.     

控股股东持股比例如何影响企业生产率

企业生产率的持续提升可以帮助企业在激烈的市场竞争中获得超额利润,进而为股东创造出更高的价值。基于2007—2018年中国上市公司的数据,研究了控股股东持股比例对企业生产率的影响。研究结果表明,控股股东持股比例的提升促进了企业生产率的改善。进一步对作用机制进行研究发现,在分析师跟踪更少、产品市场竞争程度更低、小事务所审计的企业中,控股股东持股比例对企业生产率的促进作用更加明显,表明控股股东持股比例的提高可以通过“监督效应”促进企业生产率。监管部门应充分意识到股权结构对企业生产率的影响,进一步加强投资者保护；上市公司也应更加注重完善治理水平,不断优化股权结构,提升企业生产率。     

An MCMC model search algorithm for regression problems

In this paper, we improve upon the Carlin and Chib Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that searches in model and parameter spaces. Our proposed algorithm attempts non-uniformly chosen ‘local’ moves in the model space and avoids some pitfalls of other existing algorithms. In a series of examples with linear and logistic regression, we report evidence that our proposed algorithm performs better than the existing algorithms.     

What drives the attentional bias for fearful faces? An eye‐tracking investigation of 7‐month‐old infants’ visual scanning patterns

Seven‐month‐old infants display a robust attentional bias for fearful faces; however, the mechanisms driving this bias remain unclear. The objective of the current study was to replicate the attentional bias for fearful faces and to investigate how infants’ online scanning patterns relate to this preference. Infants’ visual scanning patterns toward fearful and happy faces were captured using eye tracking in a paired‐preference task, specifically exploring if the fear preference is driven by increased attention to particular facial features. Infants allocated increased attention toward the fearful face compared to the happy face overall, thus successfully replicating the attentional bias, and greater attention toward the fearful eyes was associated with a greater magnitude of the fear preference. The current findings suggest that the fearful eyes are a salient facial feature in capturing infants’ attention toward the fearful face and that increased scanning of the fearful eyes may be one mechanism driving the overall fear preference. In addition, scanning patterns, and attention to critical features specifically, are highlighted as a strategy for examining the mechanisms underlying the development of emotion recognition abilities in infancy.