道德义务的现代诠释

过去人们一直将道德义务限于人类社会领域,但是当大量的环境问题出现的时候,迫使人们不得不重新对道德义务进行思考.在当前的时代背景下,道德义务不仅包含人类对自身的道德义务,还应该包含人类对自然的道德义务,以及两者之间的关系.     

Electric animals: New models of everyday life?

The literature on everyday life has only imperfectly taken to itself the influence of modern information and communications technology, generally through the work of authors like Benjamin and the lettristes like de Certeau and Virilio. Part of the reason for this relative absence seems to be a concern that these technologies are, in some way, inauthentic. But such a reaction is no longer adequate. As software plasters the everyday world with a new and active surface, so the character of the everyday world is being changed. This change is based on theoretical models of the world that are written into software and which have as one of their key roots particular notions of biology. How can one understand this new kind of everyday life in which theoretical models of biology come back to haunt the surfaces that define us as they are incorporated in all manner of increasingly ‘lively’ devices? Obviously, a series of characterizations could be made but this paper proposes that one of the best of these may turn out to be that of the companion animal. Everyday life is chock full of these animals yet they too are hardly ever remarked upon in the literature: their strange familiarity is so obvious that they are deemed to be unworthy of notice. However, as software makes the world increasingly lively, perhaps we should start to think of its agency, especially as it is incarnated in various increasingly mobile objects, as calling forth similar kinds of relationship of dominance and affection – and a pressing ethical task.     

人驴狗的双重互视——对《爱犬颗勒》《双驴记》《太平狗》的平行考察

《爱犬颗勒》、《双驴记》、《太平狗》三篇小说都是以动物为主要描述对象,但作者采取了双重互视的叙述视角,打通了人与动物的世界,以人与动物的事故反省历史与人性,因此产生了陌生化的艺术效果。     

The Value of Pets in Geriatric Practice

Abstract

A program designed to help elderly pet owners is succeeding in areas unrelated to pet care. The relationships that seniors establish with the coordinating social worker and participating volunteer create opportunities in other areas. The program establishes a social work connection which can be tapped in an emergency and enhances socialization through volunteer visits. Program participation may also reduce the severity of housing problems and provide a chance to discuss end-of-life issues. Implications for policy and practice are discussed, including the importance of acknowledging the central role of a pet in the lives of many elderly people.     

The Role of Companion Animals Throughout the Family Life Cycle

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the roles that companion animals play in the lives of American families, and discusses how those roles change as families progress through the stages of the family life cycle. It highlights the importance of pets in the lives of children and the benefits they receive from such relationships. It also presents information regarding the role of a child that animals often assume within families that do not have children. This paper also discusses the impact that the death of a pet has on the family, and provides suggestions for social workers who assist families that have strong attachment to companion animals.     

动物生存权与人类健康权伦理关系探析

人类在遭受大自然接二连三的打击下,开始反思人类与生态系统的关系,认识到人类健康权与动物生存权是并行不悖的,并且纷纷推出各种主张,在批判"人类中心主义"和"生态利益至上"两个极端化观点,并提出建议。即"以人类和动物为价值主体",又对未来动物保护的立法提出见解。     

论述温度对家畜生理机能的影响

本文简述恒温动物的热调节能力和环境温度对家畜生理机能的影响．并用物理方法分析恒温动物的热平衡机制，最后提出改善畜禽环境温度的一些措施．     

康德论对动物的间接义务

康德的义务概念包含了服从法则以及对法则的敬重两个要素,我们有对自己以及对他人的义务.虽然我们没有对动物的直接义务,但是我们有对动物的间接义务.它要求我们善待动物,因为对动物的方式涉及到我们对自我的义务.康德对动物的间接义务一方面强调了人的特殊地位,另一方面又强调了我们要善待动物.它不仅符合日常道德直观,而且揭示了我们日常道德直观的根基——人的自由存在.我们不需要偏离康德伦理学的基本原则来为康德辩护.     

The compounding feminization of animal cruelty investigation work and its multispecies implications

All forms of human labour performed with and/or for animals are gendered, although not always tidily. Here we focus on animal cruelty investigation work, a particularly complicated gendered occupational case. Drawing on survey, interview and focus group data, we focus on a regionally based workforce's gendered specifics. In keeping with feminist political economy and labour process theory, we highlight both material and experiential dimensions, examining physical and psychological risks, and rewards. We argue that the gendered and multispecies entanglements of the work and the victims coalesce in the compounding feminization of cruelty investigation labour. We raise questions about the implications of the gendered and multispecies interconnections for the women and men involved, and for the animals dependent on their work.     

从阳宗海污染事件看动物生命安全问题

阳宗海事件不仅是一次环境污染事故,更是一起生物物种的灭绝事件,起因是人类对动物生命安全的漠视。水中生物的减少和死亡造成的生态链条断裂才是产生环境污染问题的原因。法律与处罚在效果上无法对野生动物生命安全起到保护作用,对动物生命的保护需要防患于未然。因此,对动物具有道德这一事实的认同,对动物生命安全的保障以及生态环境的保护具有重大意义。